我国多元化巨灾保险模式初探∗

为健全完善我国多元化巨灾保险模式，在研究我国巨灾风险和巨灾保险现状，分析国外巨灾保险制度的基础上，提出 4 个方面的途径：（1）坚持政府主导，为城乡居民提供基本普惠保险；（2）发挥市场作用，为不同群体提供更加丰富的保险产品；（3）运用金融工具，建立多元协同的风险分散机制；（4）注重“以防为主”，提高我国防灾减灾救灾能力。建议统筹政府、保险行业、减灾部门和社会资本的资源和力量，构建基本保障能“兜底”、保险产品多元化、 风险分散有支撑的运行模式和工作机制，构筑巨灾风险共同体，提高全社会的抗灾韧性，为人民群众安居乐业提供可靠的安全保障。

A Preliminary Study on China's Diversified Catastrophe Insurance Model

To enhance and refine China''s diversified catastrophe insurance model, this paper proposes four approaches based on the study of China''s catastrophe risks and the current state of catastrophe insurance, along with an analysis of international catastrophe insurance systems. These approaches are: (1) maintaining government leadership to provide basic and universal insurance for urban and rural residents; (2) leveraging market mechanisms to offer a wider variety of insurance products to different groups; (3) utilizing financial instruments to establish a diversified and collaborative risk-sharing mechanism; (4) emphasizing disaster prevention as the main focus to improve the nation''s capabilities in disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. The paper recommends coordinating resources from the government, the insurance industry, disaster reduction agencies, and social capital to build an operational model and working mechanism characterized by basic coverage, diversified insurance products, and supported risk sharing. This framework aims to establish a catastrophe risk community, enhance societal resilience against disasters, and provide reliable safety assurances for the well-being of the people.