高校火灾大学生疏散行为及心理特征分析

为了解高校突发火灾时人员疏散行为及心理,在参照其他人员密集场所应急疏散调查问卷的基础上,设计大学生疏散行为及心理特征调查问卷,并进行网络问卷调查。采用皮尔森卡方检验对应急个体特性、应急意识、应急经验、应急疏散条件与应急疏散心理及行为反应进行相关性分析,获取11组存在显著相关变量组。结果表明:男生在突发火灾时更冷静、自主,更愿意帮助他人;应急疏散心理及行为与消防安全关注程度、应急疏散设施及环境呈明显的正相关。因此可通过加强宣传教育、开展专业的消防教育及演练、完善疏散引导设施、增强安全出口的导向性等提高学生的应急疏散能力。

Analysis on Evacuation Behavior and Psychological Characteristics of Undergraduates Under Fire in Colleges and Universities

In order to understand the evacuation behavior and psychology of the undergraduate under fire in colleges and universities,on the basis of referring the questionnaires on the emergency evacuation for other crowded places,the questionnaires on evacuation behavior and psychological characteristics of undergraduates were designed,and the network questionnaire survey was carried out.The Pearson's chi-square test method was adopted to analyze the correlation between individual emergency characteristics,emergency awareness,emergency experience,emergency evacuation conditions,emergency evacuation psychology and behavioral response,and 11 groups of variables with significant correlation were obtained.The results show that boys are more calm,autonomous,and willing to help others in an emergency;and that emergency evacuation psychology and behavior are obviously positively correlated with fire safety concern,emergency evacuation facilities and the environment.Therefore,the undergraduate'emergency evacuation capabilities can be improved by strengthening publicity and education,carrying out professional firefighting education and drills,improving evacuation guidance facilities,and enhancing the orientation of safe exits,etc.