2014—2018年洛阳市大气污染变化特征及影响因素研究

研究采用空气质量指数法对2014—2018年洛阳市大气污染变化特征进行了分析,构建了空气污染物浓度的影响指标体系,采用灰色关联法研究了空气污染物浓度与影响因子之间的关联度,得到了影响空气污染物浓度的主要指标因子,并提出了改善洛阳市空气质量的措施。结果表明:洛阳市空气质量指数类别主要为良和轻度污染。2014—2018年空气质量为优良的天数主要出现在春季、夏季和秋季,重度污染和严重污染主要出现在冬季。2018年PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO₂、SO₂和CO这5项污染物浓度随时间变化呈"V"型,污染主要集中在1—5月和11—12月。O₃浓度随时间变化呈倒"V"型,污染主要集中在4—9月。研究期内PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃是主要污染物。市区总人口、工业(综合)能源消耗量、人均生产总值、城市机动车总数、城市房屋施工面积、人均公园绿地面积、建成区绿化覆盖率和一般工业固体废物产生量等8项指标因子与PM_2.5、PM₁₀和O₃的浓度表现出高关联度或较高关联度。

Analysis of the Temporal Variation and Driving Factors of Air Pollution in Luoyang City from 2014 to 2018

The research uses the air quality index method to analyze the temporal variation of air pollution in Luoyang City from 2014 to 2018,constructs the impact index system of air pollutant concentrations,uses the gray correlation method to study the correlation between air pollutant concentrations and impact factors,and then obtains the main index factors affecting the concentration of air pollutants,and proposes measures to improve the air quality in Luoyang City.The results show that the type of air quality index in Luoyang City was mainly good and mild pollution.From 2014 to 2018,the AQI type of excellent and good was mainly in spring,summer and autumn.That of severe and serious pollution was mainly in winter.It is found that the concentration of PM₁₀,PM_2.5,NO₂,SO₂ and CO varied with time in an "V-shaped" pattern.The pollution occurred from January to May and from November to December.That of O₃ varied with time in an invert "V-shaped" pattern.The pollution occurred from April to September.The primary air pollutions were PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and O₃ during the study period.Eight index factors including total urban population,industrial-energy consumption,per capita GDP,the number of urban vehicles,urban housing construction area,per capita public green area,greenery coverage of urban area and general solid waste production in industrial area,showed high or higher correlation with the concentrations of PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and O₃.