三江平原典型环型湿地生物多样性

以三江平原典型环型湿地为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,结合野外调查,研究环型湿地生境多样性和物种多样性的现状及其形成原因,并探讨2者之间的关系。研究表明,三江平原环型湿地生境较为复杂,生境多样性高,生境多样性主要是由水文和地貌在不同层次的时空尺度上相互作用而形成和维持的;由环型湿地中心向边缘,湿地植物的丰富度指数和多样性指数呈先增加后减少的趋势,在塔头苔草(Carexcasiocaepa)群落处达到最大值,而漂筏苔草(Carexpseudocuraica)群落和沼柳-越菊柳(Salixbrachypoda Salixmyrtilloides)群落较低。湿地动物物种多样性丰富,大型土壤动物多样性与均匀性以芦苇-苔草群落为最高而其优势度最低,中小型土壤动物的均匀度和多样性以小叶章(Calamagrosticsangustifolia)沼泽化草甸最高而其优势度最低;三江平原环型湿地物种多样性和生境多样性关系密切。

Biodiversity of annular wetlands in Sanjiang Plain

An annular wetland typical in the Sanjiang Plain was chosen as a case study on wetland biodiversity.Based on data of the previous field investigations and studies,status quo of the habitat diversity and species diversity of annular wetlands and causes of their formation were studied and the relationship between the two were explored.The results show that the habitat diversity was rather complicated and rich,and was formed and maintained through interaction between hydrography and topography on various spatial and temporal scales.The richness index and Shannon-Wiener index increased at first and then decreased along the radius from the center to the rim of the annular wetland,reaching the apex with the Carex casiocaepa community and getting lower with the Carex pseudocuraica and Salix brachypoda-Salix myrtilloides communities.The species diversity was rich in the annular wetland.Large-sized soil animals were the highest in diversity and homogeneity indexes and the lowest in superiority index in the reed-sedge communities,and so were medium-and-pint-sized soil animals in the Calamagrostics angustifolia paludified meadow.The species diversity is closely related to the habitat diversity in the annular wetland of the Sanjiang Plain.