欧洲酸雨控制历程及效果综合评述

在分析大量文献资料的基础上，综合评述了欧洲酸雨发展和控制的主要历程. 20世纪70年代以来，欧洲酸雨控制主要经历了EMEP建立与达成共识，CLRTAP公约形成与实施平均减排方针，基于临界负荷与生态敏感性制定减排策略，以及多污染物协同控制与追求多重环境效应等4个发展阶段，并取得了显著的控制效果. 1980—2007年，欧洲硫排放减少了84%，NO_x排放减少了37%；大气中ρ(SO₂)从10.32 μg/m3降至1.26 μg/m3，ρ(NO₂)从10.38 μg/m3降至7.15 μg/m3；欧洲降水酸度呈不断下降的趋势. 最后，基于欧洲酸雨控制先进经验的分析，结合实际情况提出了未来我国酸雨控制建议. 

General Review of European Acid Rain Control Programs and Effects

Based on numerous documents, we conducted a general review of primary European acid rain developments and control programs. The entire European acid rain control program since the 1970s can be divided into four phases: construction and agreement on EMEP, CLRTAP signing and creation of a unified pollution reduction goal, reduction strategy based on critical loads and ecosystem sensitivity, and simultaneous control of pollutants and pursuit of multiple environmental effects. The programs have obtained great achievements. During the period 1980-2007, emissions of S and NO_x were reduced by 84% and 37%, respectively. The ρ(SO₂) in the atmosphere was reduced from 10.32 μg/m3 to 1.26 μg/m3, and ρ(NO₂) was reduced from 10.38 μg/m3 to 7.15 μg/m3. Meanwhile, the pH of European precipitation has been continually rising. Finally, based on advanced experience in Europe, recommendations for future acid rain control in China were proposed.