博斯腾湖水位变动对湿地生态环境的影响

根据1955-2002年博斯腾湖水位历史观测记录统计资料,对博斯腾湖水位变动情况进行了分析。有实测资料以来,博斯腾湖水位和面积变动大概有2个主要阶段:1971-1987年,博斯腾湖水位持续下降,平均每年下降0.2m,水面面积减少11.8km₂;1987-2002年,博斯腾湖水位持续上升,平均每年上升0.32m,水面面积增加30.3km₂。分析表明,博斯腾湖水位变动主要原因是开都河径流量的变化引起的,博斯腾湖流域农业用水及出流量对博斯腾湖水位的变动也有一定的影响。利用相关分析方法,深入探讨了博斯腾湖水位变动对湿地生态环境的影响,结果表明:博斯腾湖水位的大幅度变动,对湿地水质、湿地各项资源及湿地功能的充分发挥和利用带来严重的负面影响。针对博斯腾湖水位变动对湿地生态环境的影响,提出了可持续发展管理的对策。

Influence of Water Level Change of Bosten Lake on Wetland Eco-Environment

This paper,based on historical observational data of water level of Bosten Lake from 1995 to 2002,analyzes water level change circs of Bosten Lake.From the existing measured data,the water level and area of Bosten Lake changes have two main phases:from 1971 to 1987,water level of Bosten Lake keeps continual decline with an annual average descent of 0.2 m and the water area reducetion of 11.8km2 corresponding to the water level decline;and from 1987 to 2002,water level of Bosten Lake keeps continual rise with an annual average ascendt of 0.32 m and the water area increase of 30.3km2 corresponding to the water level rise.This shows that the main reason for water level change of Bosten Lake is due to runoff change in Kaidu River,and agricultural water comsumption and effluent of Bosten lake basin also induce certain influence on water level change of Bosten Lake.Based on the analysis of water level of Bosten Lake,and adopting the method of correlation analysis,this paper studies the impact of water level change of Bosten Lake on wetland eco,environment.The result indicates that water level great,extent change of Bosten Lake can bring serious negative effect to wetland water quality,various wetland resources and maximization and utilization of wetland function.Aiming at the impact of water level change of Bosten Lake on wetland eco,environment,this paper puts forward the strategies to the wetland sustainable development in Bosten Lake for the purpose of harmonious development of ecology,society and economy.