The influence of diet on intra and inter-individual variability of urinary excretion of arsenic species in Italian healthy individuals |
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Authors: | Lovreglio Piero D'Errico Maria Nicolà Gilberti Maria Enrica Drago Ignazio Basso Antonella Apostoli Pietro Soleo Leonardo |
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Affiliation: | a Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Medicina Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro “E.C. Vigliani”, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy b Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale ed Applicata, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro ed Igiene Industriale, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy |
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Abstract: | To study the effect of eating foods with a high arsenic (As) content on the intra and inter-individual variability of urinary concentrations of the As species, daily urine samples were collected for 10 consecutive days from 12 healthy male subjects. A daily food diary was kept throughout the study period. Personal exposure to airborne As was measured once during the study. As3, As5, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine were determined in all urine samples by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the sum of As3 + As5 + MMA + DMA (iAs) by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Exposure to airborne As was below the limit of detection in all samplings. As3 was found in only 19.2% and As5 in only 3.3% of the urine samples, whereas high urinary concentrations of arsenobetaine were observed. With the exception of arsenobetaine, expressed as a percentage, a significant inter-individual variability was observed for all species of As, for iAs and for the MMA/DMA ratio (p < 0.001). Instead, the intra-individual variability was significant only for the MMA/DMA ratio (p < 0.001). Among foods with a high As content, only a heavy consumption of seafood was shown to influence inter-individual variability of DMA%, arsenobetaine expressed as μg g−1 creatinine and iAs. In conclusion, even in populations with a high intake of organic As through foods, the finding of a significant inter-individual but no significant intra-individual variability of urinary species confirms the usefulness of urinary As speciation for biological monitoring of exposure to As. |
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Keywords: | Arsenic Inter-individual variability Intra-individual variability Urinary speciation Seafood Fish |
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