Bacillus thuringiensis field applications: Effect of nozzle type,drop size,and application timing on efficacy against gypsy moth |
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| Authors: | NR Dubois K Mierzejewski RC Reardon W McLane JJ Witcosky |
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| Institution: | 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service , Northeastern Center for Forest Health Research , 51 Mill Pond Road, Hamden, CT, 06514;2. Pesticide Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology , Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802;3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service , Forest Health Protection , 80 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV, 26505;4. U.S. Department of Agriculture , Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, PPQ , Otis ANG Base, MA, 02542;5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service , Forest Health Protection , 101 N. Main St., Harrisonburg, VA, 22801 |
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| Abstract: | Abstract In a series of recent studies, we evaluated the influence of delivery systems, drop size and application timing on the efficacy of aerially applied Bacillus thuringiensis against gypsy moth infestations. Use of different nozzle systems including Micronair, Flat Fan or Twin Jet, did not appear to result in significant differences in Bt coverage efficiency, foliage protection or population reduction. Nor was there any significant difference in population reduction when Bt was applied at two different drop sizes with volume median diameters of 110 and 163 μm. The efficacy of different formulations on larval populations were similar when used against the younger 1st and 2nd instar but differed when treatment was delayed until the population matured to the 3rd and 4th instar stages. |
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| Keywords: | Bacillus thuringiensis gypsy moth aerial application |
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