上海地区住宅儿童卧室内甲醛和苯系物浓度的现场检测分析

2013年3月~2014年12月对上海地区454户装修时间超过1 a的住宅内的儿童卧室室内甲醛和苯系物进行了现场监测.不同儿童卧室室内甲醛和苯系物浓度存在较大差异.冬季卧室室内甲醛浓度明显高于其他季节(P0.001),但苯系物浓度无明显的季节差异.春季使用不同内墙墙面装饰材料的卧室苯系物浓度均值存在明显差异;夏季使用不同地板装饰材料的卧室苯系物浓度均值也存在显著差异(P0.01).秋季室内盆景数量为5个的卧室甲醛浓度均值明显高于其他卧室.冬季经常使用加湿器和家中饲养宠物的儿童卧室室内苯系物浓度均值显著高于其他儿童卧室(P0.05).结果表明,装修较长时间后,装修材料的类型仍然与室内苯系物浓度存在一定的关系;但相对于装修材料,室内通风可能对室内甲醛浓度影响更大.室内苯系物浓度可能与室内湿度和室内宠物的饲养有关.家用空气净化器可能可以有效降低室内甲醛的暴露水平.植物盆栽净化装修时间较长的住宅室内甲醛和苯系物的效果可能有限.

Indoor Formaldehyde and Benzene Series in Shanghai Residences and Their Associations with Building Characteristics and Lifestyle Behaviors

From March 2013 to December 2014, we on-site inspected indoor concentrations of formaldehyde and a benzene series in 454 children''s bedrooms that were decorated earlier than one year before our inspection. Large differences existed in the formaldehyde and benzene-series concentrations among individual bedrooms. Bedrooms that were inspected in winter had significantly higher concentration of formaldehyde than bedrooms that were inspected in other seasons (P<0.001), but the benzene-series concentration had no significant seasonal difference. Among bedrooms that were inspected in spring, those using different materials as wall coverings had significant differences in concentrations of the benzene series. Among bedrooms that were inspected in summer, those using different materials as floor coverings had significant differences in concentrations of the benzene series (P<0.01). Among bedrooms that were inspected in autumn, those with>5 household bonsais had significantly higher concentrations of formaldehyde than other bedrooms did. Among bedrooms that were inspected in winter, those with frequent use of air humidifiers and those in which pets were kept had significantly higher concentrations of the benzene series than other bedrooms did (P<0.05). These results indicate that, after a long time since decoration, the types of household wall and floor covering materials still have certain relationships with indoor benzene-series levels and, compared to decoration materials, household ventilation perhaps has greater effect on indoor formaldehyde levels. The indoor benzene-series level perhaps has associations with indoor humidity level and the keeping of pets in households. Household bonsaies may have limited effect on indoor formaldehyde and benzene-series levels in residences that were decorated a long time ago.