冬季山谷风和海陆风对京津冀地区大气污染分布的影响

为了弄清冬季山谷风、海陆风对京津冀地区大气污染时空分布的影响,利用2016年12月地面加密自动气象站逐时观测数据和中国环境监测总站发布的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度数据,计算平均风矢量场和平均PM_(2.5)浓度场,分析山谷风、海陆风变化规律及其对PM_(2.5)浓度分布的影响.结果表明,在山谷风日,中午至下午谷风将位于河北太行山东部地区的污染物向北输送.傍晚以后,在北京西部、北部,以及河北太行山山前出现的山风与偏南风构成"人字形"辐合线,辐合线的汇聚作用使北京地区、廊坊,以及保定、石家庄、邢台等地大气污染加重.在海陆风日,下午至前半夜,河北中东部沿海地区出现东南向海风,深入内陆到达天津东南部地区,海风前缘区域大气污染加重;通过对中国科学院大气物理研究所铁塔0～325 m风向风速与PM_(2.5)浓度时间变化关系分析,以及利用Cressman法插值得到的地面风向风速和PM_(2.5)浓度二维格点场,分析北京地区重霾污染过程中近地层山谷风和海陆风对大气污染形成的影响:中午至下午,谷风将大气污染物向北京输送.傍晚以后,大气污染物在山风与偏南风形成的辐合线附近汇聚,在北京地区及以南地区形成PM_(2.5)高污染区.凌晨至早晨北京被山风控制,大气污染物被吹离北京、滞留在北京以南至天津西北地区.冬季,山谷风的输送和汇聚作用使大气污染物以日为周期不断循环和累积,对北京地区至北京以南地区、河北太行山东部地区的大气重污染形成起重要作用.

Influence of Mountain Valley Breeze and Sea Land Breeze in Winter on Distribution of Air Pollutants in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

To reveal the effect of Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) in winter on the spatial-temporal distribution of air pollutants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, hourly data from Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and hourly air pollutant concentration data in December 2016 from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center were used to calculate the average wind vector fields and PM_2.5 concentration fields. The change rule of MVB and SLB and its influence on the distribution of PM_2.5 concentration were analyzed. The prevailing factor for the MVB days was the southerly wind (valley wind) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from noon to afternoon, this valley wind transports air pollutants from the eastern areas of the Taihang Mountains and southwestern areas of Beijing northward. In the evening, "herringbone" convergence lines formed between the emerging mountain breeze in the western and northern parts of Beijing, as well as in the piedmont areas of the Taihang Mountains, and the southerly wind. The PM_2.5 concentration increased in Beijing, Langfang, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, and Xingtai according to the concentration of the convergence lines. For the SLB days, the PM_2.5 concentration increased in the piedmont areas of the Taihang Mountains due to the influence of valley wind from noon to afternoon. For the MVB days, from noon until midnight, the sea breeze appeared in the eastern coastal areas and reached the southeastern part of Tianjin, the PM_2.5 concentration increased towards the front of the sea breeze. The influence of MVB and SLB on the distribution of air pollutants in the heavy pollutions process were surveyed by analyzing the temporal variation relationship between the vertical distribution of wind over 0-325 m tower (at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics) and PM_2.5 concentration of urban area, and by using the Cressman method to interpolate the 10 m wind data and PM_2.5 concentration data to 2D grid field. From noon to afternoon, the air pollutants were blown to Beijing by valley wind. In the evening, the air pollutants converged near the convergence lines, which were formed by the mountain breeze and southerly wind. The severe pollution zone formed in the plains of Beijing and south of Beijing. From midnight to early morning, the air pollutants in Beijing were gradually blown away by the mountain breeze and stayed south of Beijing and northwest of Tianjin. In the winter, the effect of MVB on the recycling and accumulation of air pollutants plays an important role in severe atmospheric pollution incidents in Beijing, south of Beijing, and the eastern areas of the Taihang Mountains.