西藏那曲地区草地退化驱动力分析

那曲地区位于西藏自治区北部，现有草地34173300hm^2，占那曲地区土地总面积的79．51％，占西藏自治区草地总面积的42．15％，居自治区各地市的首位，是西藏自治区主要草地畜牧业基地之一。草地畜牧业产值几十年来一直占该区国民生产总值的50％左右。但是，由于该区生态环境极其脆弱，自然条件恶劣，草地破坏后其恢复难度很大。再加之长期以来，对草地资源的不合理利用。载畜量的不断增加，导致草地环境急剧恶化，草地退化严重，生产力日趋下降，已严重影响了牧区国民经济的持续发展。本文在对那曲草地退化现状调查的基础上，对那曲草地退化原因进行了剖析，并提出了切实可行的防治策略。指出自然环境的变化是那曲草地退化的基本原因，而不合理人类活动则是草地退化的主要原因。因此，在制定草地退化防治对策时，应以社会-经济-自然复合系统理论为指导，让社会、经济、自然协调发展。

Analysis on the retrogression of the pasture in Naqu prefecture,Tibetan Autonomous Region

Located in North Tibetan Autonomous Region, Naqu Prefecture boasts a pasture of 341,733 square kilometers which account for 79.51% of Naqu Prefecture's total territory, and 42.15% of total pasture area in Tibetan Autonomous Region.The pasture is the largest one among those in any other prefectures and cities. Naqu prefecture is one of the major bases of livestock husbandry in Tibetan Autonomous Region. The gross output value of animal husbandry has made up of about 50% of the GDP in Naqu prefecture for serveral decades. However, as a result of extremely fragile and adverse ecological and natural environment, the pasture is difficult to rehabilitate after being destroyed. In addition, the unreasonable exploitation of the pasture resources and unceasing increase of livestock onto the pasture have led to severe destruction of the pasture environment and consequently caused lower productivity, and thus seriously affected the sustained development of national economy in the pasturing area. This paper tries to analyze the reasons of the retrogression of the pasture in Naqu prefecture and argues some feasible resolutions and measures based on the investigation in the retrogressing state. It points out that natural environmental change is the basic reason while the unreasonable human exploitation is the major reason for the retrogression of the pasture. Therefore a coordinated development of society, economy and nature should be pursued when making policies to prevent and tackle the retrogression problems.