环渤海三角洲湿地资源研究

环渤海地区是中国北部沿海的黄金海岸,是我国滨海湿地分布最集中的地理区域。该区三角洲以辽河三角洲和黄河三角洲为主,湿地总面积为648284hm²。其中黄河三角洲(东营市)总湿地面积为333427hm²,占黄河三角洲总面积的42.7%;辽河三角洲(盘锦市)湿地总面积为314857hm²,占全市总面积的79.5%。两三角洲均以天然湿地占优势,具有独特的生态功能,在维护区域生态平衡,保护生物多样性及促进经济发展中发挥重要作用。由于辽河三角洲和黄河三角洲所处的地理位置不同,水文条件的差异,人类活动的影响程度不同,其湿地在空间分布结构、资源类型、生态功能等方面表现出不同特点。论文在系统研究湿地分类基础上,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对两三角洲湿地类型、资源现状进行研究,并结合前人科研成果对湿地资源动态变化及其生态功能特征等进行分析评价,最后提出区域资源开发与湿地保护及其可持续发展对策。

Deltaic wetlands in Bohai Sea: resources and development

With a large area, various types and complex landscape structure, wetlands in the Liaohe and Huanghe Deltas have substantially benefitted the regional economic development. Based on the classification system of wetlands, the present situation and distribution characteristics are studied through RS and GIS techniques. At present, there are 314,857 ha of wetlands in Liaohe Delta,accounting for 79.5% of the total urban area; among which there are 159,919 ha of natural wetlands and 154,838 ha of artificial wetlands, accounting for 50.8% and 49.2% of the total wetland area, respectively. In Huanghe Delta,the total wetland area is 333,427 ha,being 42.7% of the total urban area; and there are a natural wetland area of 229,329 ha,and artificial wetland area of 104,098 ha,accounting for 68.78% and 31.6% of the total wetland area, respectively. Because of the regional resources exploitation for many years, wetlands have changed a great deal both in area and structure. Some strategies concerning protection of ecological function of wetlands and solution to the problems of the sustainable development between resources exploitation and wetland protection are put forward in this paper.