Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species |
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| Authors: | Sutton M A Nemitz E Erisman J W Beier C Bahl K Butterbach Cellier P de Vries W Cotrufo F Skiba U Di Marco C Jones S Laville P Soussana J F Loubet B Twigg M Famulari D Whitehead J Gallagher M W Neftel A Flechard C R Herrmann B Calanca P L Schjoerring J K Daemmgen U Horvath L Tang Y S Emmett B A Tietema A Peñuelas J Kesik M Brueggemann N Pilegaard K Vesala T Campbell C L Olesen J E Dragosits U Theobald M R Levy P Mobbs D C Milne R Viovy N Vuichard N Smith J U Smith P Bergamaschi P Fowler D Reis S |
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| Institution: | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK. ms@ceh.ac.uk |
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| Abstract: | Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N(2) fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N(2)O, NO and bi-directional NH(3) exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols. |
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