几种职业健康风险评估法在采石行业的应用效果比较

比较4种职业健康风险评估模型在某采石场中应用的优缺点,探索适合采石行业职业健康风险评估的最佳方法。选取湖北鄂东某采石场为研究对象,进行现场调查和采样检测,应用4种模型进行评估分析:国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估模型(ICMM模型)判定采石场工人接触粉尘为不可容忍或者高风险水平;风险定义法(MES法)判定采石场工人接触粉尘和噪声为四级或三级风险水平;罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法(MLSP法)判定采石场工人接触粉尘和噪声为低风险或非常低风险水平;澳大利亚职业健康与安全风险评估管理导则(UQ法)判定采石场工人接触粉尘和噪声为高风险或中等风险水平。与有毒作业分级结果比较验证,ICMM模型、MES法、MLSP法相对一致,适合评估某一具体采石场的职业健康风险,UQ法因不考虑个体差异,更适合评估整个采石行业的职业健康风险。

Comparative study for the application of a few occupational health risk assessment methods in the rock quarry

The paper is aimed at finding the best method of occupational health risk assessment in a quarry by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of occupational health risk assessment methods there.For tlhe above mentioned purpose,we have chosen four models for the said assessment that can be adopted to assess the occupational health risks of dust and noise by taking a specific quarry in the east Hubei province as a case study sample.The assessment results of the main occupational hazard factors exposed to the quarry workers,mainly the dust and noise,can be stated as follows.(1) The evaluation results can be taken as " intolerable" or " high" risk levels if they were judged by the International Commission on Mining and Metal Occupational Health Risk Assessment Model (ICMM method).(2) The evaluation results can be classified as risk level "4" or "3" if they were evaluated by the Risk Definition Method (MES method).(3) The evaluation results can be categorized as "low" or "very low" risk level,if they were judged by the Methods of Occupational Accident and Occupational Disease Risk Assessment in Romania (MLSP method).(4) The evaluation results can be relegated to "high" or "medium" risk levels if they were judged by the Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment in Australia (UQ method).And,final ly,if the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared and the evaluation results of the toxic work classification assessment method are taken into account according to the national standard (GB 12331-90),it can be concluded as follows:the assessment results of ICMM model,the MES method and the MLSP method tend to be relatively consistent with the toxic work classification assessment method,therefore,the three aforementioned ICMM model,the MES method and the MLSP method,can be said suitable for the specific occupational health risk assessment of the quarry.What is more,since there is no individual difference,the UQ model is more suitable for such assessment of occupational health risks in the quarry.