建筑施工安全类群管理模式研究——基于潜在类别模型

为了弥补现存"普适化"管理模式无法适应个性凸显的施工人力环境的缺陷,提出应充分考量个体特征差异建立类群管理模式(Group Management Model,GMM)。首先,整理归纳相关文献,确定了建筑工人个体素质测评指标及测量量表;然后,利用潜在类别分析方法对收集到的486份有效数据进行统计归类,将建筑工人归纳为"认知缺陷型"、"明知故犯型"和"优质型"3个类群,比例分别为40.96%、36.72%和22.32%。最后,就不同类群的建筑工人提取其潜在特征并进行详细的特征分析并据此制定针对性的管理措施,可为实现施工安全的精细化管理目标、提高制度的有效性和管理效率、降低管理成本提供科学的理论支撑。

Group management model for the construction safety based on the latent class model

The given paper intends to establish a model for the Collective or Group Management (GMM) system in hoping to overcome the inadequacy of the currently existing"generalized accommodation" management mode in the civil engineering construction line and heighten its quality and efficiency. For the currently existing generalized accommodation management mode in this line fails to fit for the individual or personality stressed responsibility management environment. So far as we know,the evaluation indexes and the measurement items of the individual qualities of the construction workers can be defined and determined in the following way based on the literature review,in which four evaluation indicators can be identified and determined, i. e. the strong safety-awareness,the safety-aware working attitude, the psycho-healthy state and the healthy physique. And, simultaneously,the paper has also laid out 15 measuring indexes or indicators of the high quality measuring standards for the aforementioned indicators. And,then,we have managed to collect the corresponding data and information from the survey and investigation results,which were followed by the activities of classification and analysis through the Latent Class Analysis method with the Latent GOLD,486 valid data. The results of our survey and analysis show that the actual status in mind of the construction workers can be categorized into 3 groups,i. e. "the cognitive impairment type","aware and conscientious type"and"fully aware and highly conscientious type",with their respective ratio in proportion of 40. 96％,36. 72％ and 22. 32％. Facing the results gained from the survey,it would be necessary for the managers to strengthen the management investment to the first two groups of workers in construction practice. Furthermore,it is also of need for the managerial side to analyze the potential particular features of the different groups of workers in detail. The"cognitive impairment" group shows sub-standard low safety awareness level, poor psychological state and poor physiological state. The"aware and conscientious type"shows highly safety-awareness,but poor safety attitudes,poor psychological states and poor physiological status. The"good quality type"group shows fine safety attitudes and psychological states,in addition to the good physiological state. According to the potential features of the different groups we have found,the paper has proposed its corresponding management strategies. In dealing with the "cognitive impairment group,"it is necessary to take the"autonomic learning"mode instead of"be educated"mode. As to the"knowingly and willingly type"group,it is necessary to educate and train"actively so as for them to pursue safety"instead of"be demanded to act safely". And,in regard for the"good quality type"group,it is necessary to make efforts to realize the"community safety"instead of merely realizing of"personal security"state.