含碳纳米管的有机-无机杂化膨胀阻燃剂的合成及其应用

通过在磷酸季戊四醇三聚氰胺盐(PPMS)合成过程中加入碳纳米管(CNT)合成一种新型的有机-无机杂化膨胀阻燃剂(PPMSCNT),并结合傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热重分析(TG)对其结构和性能进行分析。将所合成的PPMS和PPMS-CNT分别加入环氧树脂中,利用FTIR、TG、锥形量热仪和烟密度试验对其阻燃和抑烟性能进行测试。结果表明,相同添加量下的PPMS-CNT在环氧树脂中阻燃和抑烟效果明显优于PPMS。添加质量分数15%PPMS-CNT时,阻燃环氧树脂的峰值热释放速率、总释放热、峰值生烟速率和总生烟量相比于纯EP分别下降了68.2%、28.8%、66.7%和42.8%。热重分析表明,PPMS-CNT相比于PPMS能更有效地增强环氧树脂的热稳定性和成炭性能,进而表现出较好的阻燃和抑烟效果。炭层分析表明,CNT的加入能促进PPMS在膨胀过程中形成更多的P—O—C交联结构,以有效增强炭层的致密性。研究表明,含碳纳米管的有机-无机杂化膨胀阻燃剂的加入能显著提高环氧树脂的阻燃和抑烟性能。

Synthesis of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid intumescent flame retardant containing carbon nanotube and its application of epoxy resin

The paper is concerned with a novel organic-inorganic hybrid intumescent flame retardant (PPMS-CNT) synthesized by grafting the carbon nanotubes into a structure of pentaerythritol phosphate (PPMS),whose composition and thermal property can be characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG). Besides,the said synthesized PPMS and PPMS-CNT can be found available as the flame retardant for epoxy resin (EP),whose flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties can be analyzed through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,the thermogravimetric analysis, or with the cone calorimeter or the smoke density tester. The results of our experiment with the flame retardant show that it is possible to increase the flame retardancy and the smoke suppression property of the epoxy resin gradually with the increase of the volume of PPMS-CNT. For example,adding 15％ PPMS can help to lower the peak thermos releasing rate,the total thermos release rate,the smoke production and the total smoke release rate by the percentages of 58. 2,21. 9,61. 9 and 28. 1 as compared with the pure EP,correspondingly. However,even the increase of the volume content of PPMS-CNT by a percentage of 15％ can be expected to decrease the peak heat release rate by 68. 2％,and the total thermos release rate,the smoke production rate and the total smoke release rate of the flame retarded epoxy resin correspondingly by 28. 8％,66. 7％ and 42. 8％ as compared with that of the pure EP. What is more,the PPMS-CNT proves to show better flame retardancy and better smoke suppression properties of the epoxy resin than those of PPMS,which implies that there may exist some kind of synergistic effect between CNT and PPMS. The TG analysis also indicates that PPMS-CNT tends to reveal better thermal stability and char-forming capability in the epoxy resin as compared with PPMS and better flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties in the epoxy resin. At the same time,the char residue analysis signifies that the incorporation of CNT can promote the formation of more P-O-C cross-linked structures,which can effectively improve the compactness and result in good flame retardancy with the smoke suppression properties. Therefore,adding organic-inorganic hybrid intumescent flame retardant with carbon nanotubes proves to be an efficient way to improve the flame retardancy and the smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin significantly.