基于二次赋权的TOPSIS法的城市环境质量动态评价

良好的城市环境质量是经济社会可持续发展的必要条件,是人们赖以生存的基础保障。科学的城市环境质量评价方法能够为环境管理决策提供重要依据。鉴于城市环境质量的复杂性,基于变异系数的CRITIC法对评价指标进行赋权,得到指标权重向量;利用"时间度"对时间维度进行赋权,得到时间权重向量;将指标权重向量和时间权重向量融入TOPSIS模型中。运用相关系数对初级评价指标进行筛选,构建三级评价指标体系;以30个省会城市2011—2015年的数据为样本,基于改进的TOPSIS模型,采用绝对指标和相对指标对城市环境质量进行动态综合评价,得出不同城市环境质量发展现状和发展速度的评价结果排名,体现了各城市环境质量的发展水平和动态发展趋势。

On the dynamic evaluation of the environmental qualities by using the TOPSIS method with double weights

In view of the complexity of the urban environmental quality evaluation and the limitation of the static evaluation approaches, this paper is inclined to introduce a dynamic evaluation method for assessing the urban environmental qualities. The improved TOPSIS model we have proposed has been founded on the basis of the double-weighted indexes,the index weight and the time weight in answering to the multi-dimensional indexical systems. To formulate and improve the model mentioned above,we have to first of all do a comprehensive analysis of the influential factors of the quality and quantity of the urban environment so as to establish an environment assessment indexical system including the one first-grade index,the four second-level indexes of the atmospheric environment,i. e. the environment noise,the solid environment wastes,the quality of water and the ecological environment with eleven 3-rd-level indexes. And,then,it is necessary to assess objectively the evaluation indexes of the Environmental quality by the improved CRITIC method,which can help to obtain the weighted environmental indicators. At the same time,particular stress has to be given to the weight of time dimension by using the evaluation standard of " emphasizing the present rather than the past " when problem is concerned with the different time points. In addition,it is also necessary to add the index weight and time weight when taking into account the influence of time dimension on the evaluation results,so as to normalize the TOPSIS model,and do the weighted processing via the decision matrix and the increment matrix. And,finally,it is also necessary to apply the absolute and relative indicators to the dynamic evaluation of the regional environmental quality so as to and obtain the ranks of the different urban environmental qualities and the development status-in-situ of the environmental qualities at different stages. Thus,all the empirical results of the 30 provincial capitals in the period from 2011 to 2015 show that the improved TOPSIS model can reasonably reflect the dynamic situation of the urban Environmental quality,and can in turn verify the feasibility of the evaluation method. What is more,the evaluation results can also serve as the reliable foundation for the environmental management policy making.