基于锥形量热仪的典型软垫座椅材料燃烧特性研究

采用锥形量热仪研究不同热辐射功率下典型软垫座椅材料(聚氨酯泡沫填料/包覆层组合件)的燃烧特性,为软垫座椅的火灾安全提供技术支持。结果表明:在点燃性能方面,聚氨酯泡沫/人造革组合件的耐热性相对最高,其点燃前包覆层开口临界辐射功率为40~45 k W/m~2,聚氨酯泡沫/尼龙组合件不易被点燃,其包覆层具有较高的阻燃性;分析材料的热释放速率(HRR)曲线得到,聚氨酯泡沫/人造革组合件充分燃烧过程中出现2个增长峰,且峰值相对较低,而聚氨酯泡沫/化纤与聚氨酯泡沫/尼龙组合件只有1个增长峰,且在50k W/m~2热辐射下峰值均达到600 k W/m~2以上;采用多种评价指标对各组合件进行评估,发现FGI分析与Petrella风险矩阵更适用于组合件材料的火灾危险性评估。

Burning behavior of the typical upholstered seating-chair materials on the test with a cone calorimeter

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the fire safety quality of the typical upholstered seat materials,which serves as a key component of the overall system safety for coaches,house furnishings,and passenger train seats.For the above research purpose,we have tested 3 kinds of synthetic materials,that is,the polyurethane foam/artificial leather synthetics,the polyurethane foam/chemical fiber synthetics and the polyurethane foam/nylon synthetics at different heat fluxes and analyzed a series of their key fire-proof indexes by using a cone calorimeter.To understand the ignition points of the different synthetic materials here involved,we have analyzed the critical heat flux for the fibre crack before their ignition,the ignition time and the critical heat flux for ignition.The results of our examination show that all of the 3 kinds of synthetic materials are suitable to be measured with the thermally thick heating model,though the polyurethane foam and the synthetic leather enjoys better heat resistant toughness than the other two while the polyurethane foam/nylon can keep longer and higher critical heat flux for ignition,which indicates that nylon behaves better in flame-retardant properties.As to the heat release rate among the three kinds of materials,it can be found that,when the polyurethane foam/artificial leather is fully burnt,two growth peaks can be found with their heat release rate to be respectively caused by the main combustion process of the covering fabric of artificial leather and the polyurethane foam filler.However,there exists only one growth peak for polyurethane foam/chemical fibre syntheses and the polyurethane foam/nylon one,whose coverings melt easily under the heat radiation without any clear peak in the heat release rate.Besides,the single peak value under the heat flux of 50 kW/m2 tends to be greater than 600 kW/m2,which is far higher than that of the polyurethane foam/artificial leather.In addition,we have also investigated the fire hazards of the three kinds of syntheses under the different heat radiation through their fire indicators of fire growth rate (FIGRA),fire growth index (FGI),and Petrella risk matrix.Thus,the evaluation model through FGI and petrella fire-risk matrix should be expected more suitable than that of FIGRA for the above mentioned three kinds of syntheses.Therefore,the results of our experimental tests in this article should be in a position to provide a series of basic theoretical and technical data background supports for founding the fire prevention and fire risk assessment system for the upholstered seats.