桑沟湾溶解态无机砷的分布、季节变化及影响因素

作为一种化学形态有变的有毒类金属元素,砷在水环境中的生物地球化学行为被越来越多的学者所重视.利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)对2011年4月、8月、10月和2012年1月航次桑沟湾总溶解态无机砷(TDIAs,TDIAs]=As5+]+As3+])和亚砷酸盐(As3+)的含量进行了测定.结果表明,4个航次中TDIAs的浓度范围分别为3.4~12.4、8.9~16.9、14.7~21.3和13.8~21.9 nmol·L-1,As3+的浓度范围分别为0.3~2.1、0.4~3.8、1.8~4.0和0.3~2.9 nmol·L-1.春、夏季桑沟湾TDIAs的浓度低于秋、冬季,高值出现在湾口和河口区.春、冬季As3+的含量低于夏、秋季,As3+与TDIAs的比值在夏季达到最大值.桑沟湾TDIAs平均浓度为13.9 nmol·L-1±4.7 nmol·L-1,低于美国环境保护署水质标准.根据我国地表水环境质量标准,桑沟湾属于一级水质,这表明桑沟湾未受到明显的人为污染.桑沟湾春、夏季TDIAs的浓度低于与之相邻的爱莲湾和俚岛湾,水文环境和陆源输入的差异是造成这种现象的主要原因.影响桑沟湾TDIAs分布的主要因素包括河流的输入、与黄海的交换以及生物活动的清除,其中养殖活动的影响尤为显著.养殖生物对砷的富集作用可能会带来潜在的生态危机和食品安全问题,需要相关部门加以重视,确保桑沟湾养殖产业的平衡发展.

Distribution, Seasonal Variation and Influence Factors of Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic in the Sanggou Bay

The biogeochemical behavior of arsenic in the aquatic environment has already captured the attentions of scientists due to its complex forms and toxicity. Four cruises were carried out in April, August, October 2011 and January 2012 in the Sanggou Bay. The concentrations of total dissolved inorganic arsenic (TDIAs, TDIAs=As⁵⁺]+As³⁺]) and arsenite (As³⁺) were measured by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS). The concentrations of TDIAs ranged from 3.4-12.4 nmol·L^-1 in April, 8.9-16.9 nmol·L^-1 in August, 14.7-21.3 nmol·L^-1 in October and 13.8-21.9 nmol·L^-1 in January. The concentrations of arsenite ranged from 0.3-2.1 nmol·L^-1, 0.4-3.8 nmol·L^-1, 1.8-4.0 nmol·L^-1 and 0.3-2.9 nmol·L^-1 during four cruises, respectively. The concentrations of TDIAs in spring and summer were lower than those in autumn and winter, and high values of TDIAs appeared in the bay-mouth and the coastal estuary. The concentrations of arsenite in spring and winter were lower than those in summer and autumn. The maximum As³⁺/TDIAs ratios appeared in summer. The mean value of TDIAs in the Sanggou Bay was (13.9±4.7) nmol·L^-1, which was lower than the national primary drinking in water Standards from USEPA and met the first grade water quality based on the environmental quality standards for surface water of China. It indicates that there is no obvious anthropogenic pollution. The concentrations of TDIAs in the Sanggou Bay were lower than those in the Ailian Bay and the Lidao Bay in spring and summer due to the different hydrological environments and terrestrial inputs. Riverine input, incursion of Yellow Sea and biological activities were the three main factors impacting the distribution of TDIAs in the Sanggou Bay, and the influence of aquaculture activities was particularly significant. The enrichment of arsenic by aquaculture may lead to potential ecological crisis and food safety problems, and need to be paid more attentions to ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture in the Sanggou Bay.