A tropical/subtropical biogeographic disjunction in southeastern Africa separates two Evolutionarily Significant Units of an estuarine prawn |
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Authors: | P R Teske H Winker C D McQuaid N P Barker |
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Institution: | (1) Molecular Ecology and Systematics Group, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa;(2) Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia;(3) Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa;(4) Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa |
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Abstract: | Recent phylogeographic research has indicated that biodiversity in the sea may be considerably greater than previously thought.
However, the majority of phylogeographic studies on marine invertebrates have exclusively used a single locus (mitochondrial
DNA), and it is questionable whether the phylogroups identified can be considered distinct species. We tested whether the
mtDNA phylogroups of the southern African sandprawn Callianassa kraussi Stebbing (Decapoda: Thalassinidea) are also recovered using nuclear sequence data. Four mtDNA phylogroups were recovered
that were each associated with one of South Africa’s four major biogeographic provinces. Three of these were poorly differentiated,
but the fourth (tropical) group was highly distinct. The nuclear phylogeny recovered two major clades, one present in the
tropical region and the other in the remainder of South Africa. Congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA indicates
that the species comprises two Evolutionarily Significant Units sensu Moritz (1994). In conjunction with physiological data from C. kraussi and morphological, ecological and physiological data from other species, this result supports the notion that at least some
of the mtDNA phylogroups of coastal invertebrates whose distributions are limited by biogeographic disjunctions can indeed
be considered to be cryptic species. |
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