腐殖酸缓效肥料的NO_3~--N田间淋溶及土壤残留

为探讨腐殖酸缓效肥料对地下水及土壤质量的潜在影响,分别在砂质(SS)和黏质土壤(CS)中,利用自制田间淋溶设备研究了不同肥料处理的NO3--N淋溶及土壤残留特性.结果表明,在2种不同质地土壤中,不同时间施肥处理淋溶液中的NO3--N浓度比不施氮肥处理高28.1%～222.2%,但腐殖酸缓效肥料可在一定程度上抑制NO3--N的向下淋溶,且在CS土壤中的抑制作用更有持续性.CS土壤淋溶液中NO3--N的浓度比SS土壤降低41.2%～59.1%,抑制NO3--N向下淋失的作用更强.施肥可造成NO3--N在土壤剖面中的累积,腐殖酸缓效肥料处理0～40cm土壤剖面中NO3--N所占比例显著高于尿素及复合肥处理,分别达59.8%和54.4%.SS土壤中NO3--N的总量显著低于CS土壤,HA缓施肥、尿素及复合肥处理分别降低81.7%、81.1%和47.6%.同常规施肥处理相比,腐殖酸缓效肥料处理可不同程度的提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及阳离子交换量的含量,且在黏质土壤中水溶性盐总量比尿素及复合肥处理分别降低24.8%和22.5%.因此,施用腐殖酸缓效肥料可有效改善土壤理化性状、降低施肥对地下水等造成的潜在污染风险.

Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching and Residue of Humic Acid Fertilizer in Field Soil

To elucidate the potential influence of humic acidfertilizer on groundwater and soil quality in clay soil (CS) and sandy soil (SS), nitrate nitrogen leaching and residue of different fertilizers in field soil were studied using a self-made leaching field device. Nitrate nitrogen concentration in leaching water of fertilizer treatments was 28.1%-222.2% higher than that of non-nitrogen treatment in different times, but humic acid fertilizer could prevent nitrate nitrogen leaching both in CS and SS, especially in CS. Nitrate nitrogen concentration of leaching water in CS was 41.2%-59.1% less than that in SS and the inhibiting effect in CS was greater than that in SS. Nitrate nitrogen could be accumulated in soil profile by fertilizer application. The residue of nitrate nitrogen retained in 0-40 cm soil layer of humic acid fertilizer treatment was 59.8% and 54.4% respectively, higher than that of urea and compound fertilizer treatments. Nitrate nitrogen amount of humic acid, urea and compound fertilizer treatments in SS was significantly less than that in CS, being 81.7%, 81.1% and 47.6% respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer treatment improved the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of upper layer soil as well as cation exchange capacity. Besides, total amount of water-soluble salts in humic acid fertilizer treatment was decreased by 24.8% and 22.5% in comparison to urea and compound fertilizer treatments in CS, respectively. In summary, the application of humic acid fertilizer could improve physical and chemical properties of upper layer soil and reduce the risk of potential pollution to groundwater.