环境邻避冲突中公众纠纷解决机制的发展与完善

近年来我国环境邻避形势严峻,人民群众日益增长的对美好生态环境的需求、公众参与环境保护的意愿、维护自身权益的意识和当前纠纷解决机制不平衡不充分的矛盾突出。为了有效化解冲突,环境邻避纠纷解决机制先后经历了萌发期、探索期,并逐步进入多元化发展阶段。现阶段环境邻避纠纷非诉讼解决方式存在制度局限,诉讼解决方式在实际应用中面临诉讼积极性不高、立案难、举证难、审理难等问题。为此,结合环境邻避纠纷的特点,本文提出了环境邻避纠纷解决机制完善建议:一是预防为主,建立贯穿项目建设始终的公众参与法律制度体系,增强公众意见反馈的强制性;二是分类化解,建立和完善适应不同需求的纠纷解决程序,加强多元化纠纷解决机制的衔接。希望通过建立"预防为主,分类化解"的精细化纠纷解决机制来推动环境邻避冲突的有序解决。

Development and Improvement of Public Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Environmental NIMBY Conflicts

In recent years, China''s environmental NIMBY situation is grim. The contradictions between the increasing demands for a better ecological environment, the public''s willingness to participate in environmental protection, the awareness of safeguarding their own rights and interests, and the imbalance of the current dispute resolution mechanism are prominent. In order to resolve conflicts effectively, the dispute resolution mechanism of environmental NIMBY conflicts has gone through germination, exploration and gradually entered the stage of diversification. This paper analyzes the system limitations of the non-litigation solution, and the difficulties of litigation solutions of environmental NIMBY disputes. Combining with the characteristics of NIMBY disputes, two suggestions are put forward for the improvement of dispute resolution mechanism:one is prevention first, establish the public participation institutional system throughout project construction, and strengthen the mandatory of public feedback; another one is classified resolution, improve the dispute resolution procedure that can adapt to different needs, strengthen the connection of diversified dispute resolution channels. It is hoped that the environmental NIMBY conflicts can be solved in an orderly way through the fine dispute resolution mechanism of "prevention first, classified resolution".