气田井喷硫化氢风洞模拟试验研究

为研究高含硫气田发生井喷事故后硫化氢的扩散运动规律,以重庆开县"12·23"井喷事故为研究对象,利用北京大学的2号环境风洞,制作了1∶2000的比例模型,利用乙烯和丙烯的混合气为示踪气体,采用长采样管方法测量浓度,首次在国内进行了井喷事故后硫化氢扩散的风洞试验,获得了低风速下(源处10m高风速为0.5m/s)N,NE,E,SE,S,SW,W,NW8个风向情况下的硫化氢浓度分布随时间的演化动画,定量地给出了各风向情况下硫化氢的最大浓度分布和各点的浓度时间序列,认为在低风速下,最大硫化氢浓度区域在撞山爬坡时出现,而爬过山坡后在背风区的硫化氢浓度会迅速降低。研究成果将为气田的井喷风险分级以及井喷事故后的应急处理提供参考。

Research on Wind Tunnel Test of Hydrogen Sulfide Diffusion for Uncontrolled Blowout in Gas Field

To research hydrogen sulfide diffusion rule of uncontrolled blowout in gas field, the wind tunnel test with 1∶2 000 scale was proceeded. The wind tunnel test was conducted at No.2 environmental wind tunnel of Peking University. The object of wind tunnel simulation was "12·23"gas blowout accident in Kaixian county of Chongqing. The concentration of trace gas was measured by applying a length fine sampling tube. Ethylene-propylene mixture was selected as tracer gas for wind tunnel test. This wind tunnel test was the first wind tunnel test of hydrogen sulfide diffusion for uncontrolled blowout in gas field. The experiment included eight different wind direction conditions, which were N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W and NW respectively. The concentration values of hydrogen sulfide diffusion were obtained according to the experiment under low wind velocity (10 m from source and high wind velocity 0.5 m/s). Based on the maximum concentration distribution and concentration values of each point, the time evolution animation of concentration distribution was obtained under all the eight different wind direction. Conclusion obtained through the test is that, the maximum concentration regional of hydrogen sulfide appears when the diffusion gas climbs along a mountain, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide will decrease rapidly in the wind shadow regional after the diffusion gas climbs over the mountain. The research result may provide a reference for uncontrolled blowout risk diffusion standard, and be helpful to enhance the emergency response capabilities of gas uncontrolled blowout accident.