松嫩平原百年(1901-2000)气候要素空间变化分析

基于100 a的东英格兰大学气候研究中心(CRU)气候要素资料,采用Arc-GIS软件对数据进行整理,分析了松嫩平原百年(1901—2000)气候变化的时空特征,着重分析空间变化。结果表明,在过去的100 a里,松嫩平原有明显的变暖变湿趋势。1)气温有普遍上升趋势,各地升温幅度在1.46~1.86℃,其中北部地区增温幅度小,西、东、南部边缘地区增温幅度较大;四季升温幅度最大的是冬季,其次为春季。2)降水普遍增多,增长幅度在11~114 mm,并呈现由西向东递增的趋势;四季降水增加最多的是秋季,其次为冬季,夏季基本稳定,春季降水则有小幅减少。3)水汽压普遍增大,呈现由北向南递增的趋势;四季水汽压均有所增加,最明显的为冬季,其次为春季。

Analysis of the spatial variation of the climatic factors in Songnen Plain during the last century ( 1901-2000)

The paper would like to introduce our analysis of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the climate changes in Song-Nen River Plain during the last century(1901-2000) by using the CRU data of climatic variations,including the monthly average temperature,the precipitation and vapor pressure.Applying Arc-GIS software,Kriging Interpolation Method and Surface Analysis for arranging,analyzing and presentation of the CRU climate data,we have done a large-scale analysis of the above topic with its focus on the spatial-temporal variation analysis.Conclusion has been drawn,showing the increase of the precipitation,temperature and vapor pressure as well as the climatic trend of getting wetter and warmer in the plain during the said period.Specific regional and seasonal changes can be shown as follows:(1) There was an obvious increasing trend of the air temperature in the Plain from 1901 to 2000,with the range variation of 1.46-1.86 ℃.The ascending trend has been found more remarkable in the west,east,south border areas,though minor temperature rising in the northern area.For the four seasons,the air temperature in the plain tends to increase most obviously,particularly in winter,followed by spring.(2) Precipitation has generally been rising with the range of 11-114 mm in the Plain during the same period,indicating the spatial increasing trend from the west to the east.For the four seasons in a year,most obvious precipitation increase has been found in Autumn,followed by Winter,whereas obvious common decreasing trend of precipitation take place in Spring and remain basically stable in Summer.(3) There has been an obvious increasing trend of vapor pressure in the river reach during the same period,along with the vapor pressure distribution varied regionally and seasonally,which has been increasing from the north to the south.In addition,for the four seasons,vapor pressure has all increased during the last century,whose vapor pressure change is most obvious in winter,and next in spring.