环境空气中挥发性有机物的健康风险评价研究进展

介绍了空气中挥发性有机物的研究进展,阐述了其污染对人体健康的致癌效应和非致癌效应。在此基础上对挥发性有机物的健康风险评价做了简要评述,并介绍了现在公认的健康风险评价方法,以及近年来室内外挥发性有机物污染健康风险评价的研究现状。最后,总结了健康风险评价的不足并进行了展望,提出利用不确定性方法解决健康风险评价问题将是未来研究的重点。

Research advances review on the health-hazard assessment of volatile organic compounds in ambient atmosphere

This paper is aimed to make a summary of the health-hazard assessment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the ambient air so as to promote our understanding of VOCs impact on human health.First of all,we have introduced domestic and international research advances of VOCs,with our discussion on the carcinogenic effect and non-carcinogenic effect on human health resulting from VOCs.Secondly,we shall bring about a brief discussion on the approaches to the health-hazard assessment,and give comments on the latest popular health-hazard assessment methods.Among the well-known methods,we would like to introduce the health-hazard assessment put forward by American National Academy of Sciences(NAS),including "hazard identification","dose-response assessment","exposure assessment" and "risk characterization".In addition,it is also necessary to recommend the research progress on health risk assessment of VOCs indoor and outdoor practice based on the above mentioned methodology.From what is mentioned above,it can be seen that health risk of VOCs in indoor air seems higher than that in outdoor air,except for the special cases in open-air situations,such as industrial zones,traffic arteries and so on.The compounds,such as benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,dodecane,and decane,tend to dominate in the open-air situations,whereas others,such as formaldehyde,toluene,styrene,and limonene are predominant in the room conditions.Since the VOCs concentrations from inside decoration,furniture malls and industrial areas are usually higher than that from other spaces,the risk of occupational exposure to VOCs in the mentioned places may always be beyond the acceptable standard.And consequently,it should be paid more attention to and taken essential measures for protecting human health in such cases.And,finally,it is also necessary to take into full account the defects of health hazard assessment,such as insufficient assessment of the toxicology and epidemiology of VOCs,and inequality of the characterization approaches might be used together with the complexity of the process of health risk assessment.Therefore,further research has to be done to improve and even reform the research efforts so as to strengthen the health hazard assessment method and bring more benefits to us all.