用水毒理学方法评价家用洗涤剂的潜在危害

用5种不同产地的常用类型的家用洗涤剂,用水毒理学方法研究它们对水生动物的毒性影响并由此判断对水生态系统的潜在危害.结果表明,在远低于日常使用量的浓度下,5种家用洗涤剂均对稀有 鲫(Grobiocypris rarus)鱼苗和大型溞(Daphnia magna,HB)有急性毒性,离体条件下对鲫鱼(Carassius auratusF)鳃ATP酶有较强的抑制作用;在无急性毒性浓度下暴露时对大型溞繁殖有明显影响;当暴露于家用洗涤剂对鱼24h半数致死浓度的5%时鲫鱼鳃ATP酶受到明显抑制;家用洗涤剂溶液存放一段时间后对稀有鲫鱼苗的急性毒性和对鲫鱼鳃ATP酶的抑制作用无明显降低.因此,含有大量家用洗涤剂的生活污水排放到自然水体中后将对水生动物产生持续的有害影响.

Assessment of potential hazard of domestic detergents by aquatic toxicological assay

Usual types of domestic detergents produced by five different factories were used to study their toxic effects on aquatic animals and potential hazard to aquatic ecosystem. The results show that all the detergents have acute toxicity on crustacean, Daphnia magna, HB, and rare minnow, Grobiocypris rarus, at the concentrations far below the amount daily used, rather strong inhibition in vitro on ATPase of crucian carp gill, significant effect on the reproduction of Daphnia magna at non-acute toxic concentrations, marked inhibition on the crucian carp gill ATPase at exposing to detergents with concentration of 5% of its 24h LC50. There is no obvious decrease. Therefore, the sewage water containing large amount of domestic detergents will exert continuous harmful effects on aquatic animals if they were discharged into natural water body.