安全伦理学的建构——关于安全伦理哲学研究及其领域的探讨

安全伦理学是伦理学的重要基础。安全伦理命题始终存在着道德反省与不反省两种哲学态度,后者长期以来一直占主流,使得安全伦理学的研究滞后,导致其在安全科学学科体系中“空缺”。应当看到,在处理“安全获得与财富获得”的价值关系上,需要建构安全伦理理论,树立科学的安全价值观理论,因而需要制定一套能指导和判断安全活动或行为的道德规范标准。建构安全伦理学,首先要把安全道德作为研究对象;其次根据其特殊的规范性、明显的实践性和具体的专业性等性质特点,提出一种区分安全活动的道德与不道德的原则,并决定安全伦理学的基本问题,为了保存、尊重生命,维护个体的安全权益和增进个体的自由与安全地位平等的社会正义,安全活动应该遵循那些伦理规范;最后确定出该学科的研究方法。

Construction of Safety Ethics: Exploration of Safety Ethics Philosophy and Its Field

Safety ethics is important basis of ethics; it has two kinds of philosophy attitudes, namely reflection of morality and non-reflection of morality. But the last has been playing a leading role in society for long time, which causes the research of safety ethics fall behind others and 'be absent from' the system of the safety science. It should be seen that safety ethics is needed to be established in dealing with the relation of value between 'gain of safety' and 'gain of wealth', and that moral norm that is used to direct and judge safety activities is needed to be established so as to set up scientific theory of safety value. To construct safety ethics, the first is to take safety morality as the object of study; the second is to put forward principles of judging whether safety activities are moral or not and to decide the basic problems of safety ethics according to its special criterion, distinctive practicalness and concrete specialty; the third is to decide what norms of ethics safety activities should comply with so as to respect life, maintain individual safety rights, and promote individual freedom and social justice equal to safety ; the last is to decide the research approaches for this subject.