Novel methods for discriminating behavioral differences between stickleback individuals and populations in a laboratory shoaling assay |
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Authors: | Wark Abigail R Wark Barry J Lageson Tessa J Peichel Catherine L |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA;(2) Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, T471 Health Sciences Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7270, USA;(3) Present address: Physion Consulting, 11 Worcester Sq #2, Boston, MA 02118, USA; |
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Abstract: | Threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from different habitats have been observed to differ in shoaling behavior, both in the wild and in laboratory studies. In
the present study, we surveyed the shoaling behavior of sticklebacks from a variety of marine, lake, and stream habitats throughout
the Pacific Northwest. We tested the shoaling tendencies of 113 wild-caught sticklebacks from 13 populations using a laboratory
assay that was based on other published shoaling assays in sticklebacks. Using traditional behavioral measures for this assay,
such as time spent shoaling and mean position in the tank, we were unable to find population differences in shoaling behavior.
However, simple plotting techniques revealed differences in spatial distributions during the assay. When we collapsed individual
trials into population-level data sets and applied information theoretic measurements, we found significant behavioral differences
between populations. For example, entropy estimates confirm that populations display differences in the extent of clustering
at various tank positions. Using log-likelihood analysis, we show that these population-level observations reflect consistent
differences in individual behavioral patterns that can be difficult to discriminate using standard measures. The analytical
techniques we describe may help improve the detection of potential behavioral differences between fish groups in future studies. |
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