金矿尾矿渣及其污染土壤中氰化物的分布及自然降解

某金矿1995年发生尾矿坝垮坝事件,富含氰化物的尾矿渣对农田和河流造成严重污染.事故3年、4年后,分别对废弃尾矿坝内和被污染农田内的土壤和沉积物中氰化物的水平和垂直剖面上的分布进行了采样分析.结果表明,氰化物在土壤剖面中自然降解速度大大慢于在天然水体中的降解速度;土壤剖面中氰化物的运移行为类似于土壤中易溶盐的迁移行为.在干旱、半干旱气候条件下,剖面中的氰化物可在土壤表面盐壳中高度富集,即使在4年后其浓度仍可高于新鲜尾矿浆中氰化物的浓度.土壤剖面中的粘质层可部分阻隔氰化物向潜水中运移,其结果又可导致粘质层中氰化物的高度富集.根据土壤中氰化物的自然降解特点,对垮坝引起的土壤污染给出了相应的防治措施.

The Distribution and Natural Degradation of Cyanide in Goldmine Wastesolid and Polluted Soil

The farmland and river were seriously polluted by cyanide because one goldmine tailing dam collapsed in 1995. 3 and 4 years after the accident, the cyanide distribution in the polluted farmland and the abandoned tailing dam was studied. The results indicated that natural degradation of cyanide in soil section was slower than in natural water body. The cyanide transference in soil section was similar to freely soluble salts. In arid and semiarid area, cyanide can be highly enriched in the salt shell which content degrading 4 years even higher than the fresh tailing slurry. One side the viscidity layer in the soil section can partly prevent cyanide transference to groundwater, on the other side the result can cause the cyanide highly enrich in the viscidity layer. According to character of cyanide natural degradation in soil the measurement of prevention and cure soil pollution by goldmine tailing dam collapsing was brought forward.