某国际机场航站楼离港层大空间的复合排烟方案

某国际机场航站楼的离港层大厅防火分区包括离港大厅和安检边检区,建筑面积近2万平米,最高处净高22米,最低处净高4米,属于复杂的大空间建筑,难以采用全区的机械排烟或自然排烟方案.采用了一种复合排烟方案以保证人员安全疏散和灭火救援,即在离港大厅内自然排烟,在安检边检区机械排烟,在离港大厅和安检边检区之间的大开口处设置挡烟垂壁,防止烟气相互蔓延.两个区域的排烟系统各自独立控制,但可以在排烟时通过大开口为相邻区域提供自然补风.此外还在安检边检区设置快速响应喷头来控制火灾热释放速率.该排烟方案充分利用了空问特点,有利于烟气控制和人员安全疏散.最后通过计算机数值模拟验证了该方案的合理性和有效性.

Combined Scheme of Smoke Ventilation in Large Departure Hall of an International Airport Terminal

The departure floor of an international airport terminal includes a large departure hall and the immigration/security check area. It is difficult to use mechanical or natural smoke ventilation in total area due to the complex large space. In the present paper, the combined scheme of smoke ventilation was used for safe evacuation and fire fighting. The natural ventilation was used in the departure hall and the mechanical ventilation was used in the immigration/security check area. A smoke barrier was installed at the long opening between the two areas to prevent smoke spreading through. Natural air supply for ventilation could flow through the opening. The fast-response sprinkler head was also used in the immigration/security area to control heat release rate. The numerical simulation results indicate that this scheme is reasonable and acceptable.