Recouping the wastewater: a way forward for cleaner leather processing |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119, China;2. Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau, Meteorological Building No. 36 Beiguan Zhengjie, Lianhu District, Xi’an, 710014, China;3. Inner Mongolia Extra-high Voltage Power Supply Bureau, No. 2 Huijin Road, Jinchuan Economic-Tech Development Zone, Hohhot, 010050, China;4. Shaanxi Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Xi’an, 710054, China;5. Alxa Desert Global Geopark Bureau, Moon lake Road, East District, Bayanhaote Town, Alxa Left Banner, 750306, China;1. Feevale University, Institute of Pure Sciences and Technology, 2755 RS 239, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil;2. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Post-graduation Program of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Leather and Environmental Studies - LACOURO, Eng. Luiz Englert street, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis – UniRitter, 555 Orfanotrófio, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Chemical Engineering Department, 950 Av. Unisinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, CSIR-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Leading University, Kamal Bazar, Sylhet, 3112, Bangladesh;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh |
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| Abstract: | Leather processing employs copious amounts of water. This leads to the generation of enormous amounts of liquid effluent. The high effluent volume requires huge investments for effluent treatment plants in order to meet the required specification for the discharge of liquid effluents to various water bodies. Increasingly therefore, water use minimization in leather processing assumes greater significance due to increased treatment costs. End-of-pipe treatment methods alone do not meet the requirements and hence, in-plant control measures are gaining importance. The new era of cleaner technology has begun in leather processing. Pre-tanning and tanning operations contribute about 57% of the water consumption in leather processing and the washings about 35%. The proper adoption of integrated cleaner technologies provides a viable solution to the conservation of water in leather processing. This paper presents an integrated approach for water use minimization through recycling and optimization in leather processing. The integrated approach provides considerable reduction in the use of process water. |
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