地震灾后重建规划环境影响评价特点和实施框架初探

5．12汶川特大地震灾害引起了社会和学术界对地震灾后重建规划广泛的关注。地震灾后重建规划几乎包含了当前规划领域中的所有挑战，是速度和质量兼顾、人性与理性权衡、社会经济与环境效益统一、多方博弈的过程，对灾后重建规划环评也从理论到实践层面提出了新的挑战。本文在对灾后重建规划特点进行归纳的基础上提出灾后重建规划环评相应具备的特点，即早期介入、与规划过程融合、增加灾害情景、突出规划协调性分析和应用反规划思路等特点，并进一步以《国家汶川地震灾后重建总体规划》为例说明了与灾后规划融合的环评流程、灾后规划环评的关键内容和评价思路。在对常用规划环评方法从信息成本、工作成本、客观和量化程度等原则进行评价后认为灾后重建规划环境评价中应有效利用比较评价法、GIS叠图法、生态承载力评价法等相对快捷、成熟或客观的方法。

Primary Study on Features and Implementation Framework of Environmental Impact Assessment for Post-earthquake Reconstruction Plan

Wenchuan Earthquake draws tremendous attention of the society and academia to post-earthquake reconstruction plans which involve almost all challenges existing in the field of current planning such as balances of efficiency to quality, humanity to rationality, economy to environment etc. The Planning Environmental Impact Assessment （PEIA） for Post-earthquake Reconstruction Plans also faces new requests theoretically and practically. Based on analysis of characteristics of post-earthquake plans, this paper suggests that PEIA for Post-earthquake Reconstruction Plans should be characterized to include early intervening, integration with planning process, adding more disaster scenarios, emphasizing coordination analysis among plans, and applying the idea of non-planning. Furthermore, ＂ The State Overall Planning for Post-earthquake Reconstruction in Wenchuan＂ is taken as a case to illustrate the EIA process integrated with planning, key content of the PEIA for Post-earthquake Reconstruction Plans and the assessment idea. Based on evaluation of conventional methods for environmental assessment from the principles of information cost, working cost, objectivity and quantization, it suggests that in the PEIA for Post-earthquake Reconstruction Plans, the methods of assessment such as comparison, GIS overlay and ecological capacity should be applied effectively.