1985年以来我国重大水体突发污染事件及在线生物监测的必要性分析

通过查阅和检索公开报道的期刊、报纸和网络,统计分析我国1985以来水体突发污染事件。1985—2015年间,我国水体突发污染事件年均发生数量总体变化呈现先动态增长后逐渐下降的趋势,其中2006年为水体突发性污染事件发生频次的转折点。导致水体突发性污染的主要原因包括企业违规排放、企业事故性泄漏、交通事故、自然因素和人为投毒等,污染方式多样。水体突发性污染的污染物种类包括化学品、污水(工业废水和生活污水)、油类、农药、重金属、生物污染物和其他不明污染物。鉴于水体突发性污染事件污染方式的多样性和污染物的复杂性,采用在线生物监测技术可实现对水体突发性污染事件在线监测与分析预警,已成为当前监测和评价水体突发污染事件有效手段。

A Review on the Water Pollution Incidents from 1985 and the Application Analysis of the Online Biomonitoring Technologies for Water Pollution

The water pollution incidents from 1985 in China were statistically analyzed according to the public reports of journals, newspapers and networks. The average annual amounts of the water pollution incidents showed the trend of gradual decrease after dynamic growth from 1985 to 2015, and the year 2006 was the turning point. The main reasons for the water pollution incidents included illegal discharge, enterprise accident leakage, traffic accident, natural factors and human factors, etc. The pollutants that caused the water pollution incidents included chemicals, sewage (industrial wastewater and domestic sewage), oil, pesticides, heavy metals, biological pollutants and other unknown contaminants. Therefore, on-line biomonitoring technology has become an effective method to monitor and evaluate water pollution incidents due to the diversity of pollution patterns and the complexity of pollutants.