Growth and development of smooth bromegrass and tall fescue in TNT-contaminated soil

Plants can be used for effective and economical remediation of soil provided they are tolerant or resistant to contaminants. This study was conducted to determine effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on growth and development of smooth bromegrass and tall fescue. Seeds of both species were grown in contaminated and non-contaminated soil mixed at ratios to obtain a range of concentrations and also in non-contaminated soil underlain by contaminated and non-contaminated soil mix. Germination, shoot and root dry weight, root length and area were measured. Germination and height of both species decreased with increasing TNT concentration. Shoot dry weight from tall fescue was 50% greater than smooth bromegrass at a given TNT concentration. Root length, area and dry weight of both species decreased with increasing TNT concentration. Root area and dry weight were greater for smooth bromegrass compared to tall fescue. This research indicates tall fescue and smooth bromegrass can germinate and grow in soils with concentrations less than 31 and 24 mg TNT l(-1), respectively.