有机无机肥料对农业环境影响述评

论述了有机肥在中国的使用情况和对农业生产的作用、化肥对农产品质量的影响、化肥对土壤肥力的贡献、有机肥和化肥对大气环境和水体的影响。目前人们在对化肥使用的认识上普遍存在误区，认为施用化肥一定会对环境产生污染，只有使用有机肥才能解决问题。中国是一个人口大国，今后在一个相当长的时间内，农业产品的生产在养分的投入上仍然需要以化肥为主，充分、合理、平衡的化肥投入不仅能满足人们对农产品数量上的需要，而且一定能满足人们对农产品品质的要求。化肥的合理施用可以改善和提高农产品品质，提高土壤有机质含量，改善土壤理化性质，减少温室气体的排放和水体污染。化肥本身是无害的，有害的是对化肥的不合理施用。在肥料问题上，今后需要关注 的应该是生产和使用更优质、更高效的化肥，推广科学合理的施肥技术，提高化肥的利用效率。

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE ON THE AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Based on the situation in China, this paper discussed the use of organic manure and its role in agricultural production in China. The effect of fertilization on the quality of agricultural product, on the contribution of soil fertility, effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on atmosphere and water environment were also discussed. It is pointed out that there is some misunderstanding on the use of chemical fertilizer. This misunderstanding is that using chemical fertilizer will pollute environment, and only using organic manure can solve the problem. It is indicated that as a country with large population, China will need chemical fertilizers for agriculture in a long period in the future. Chemical fertilizer supplies sufficient, reasonable and balanced condition for the requirement of people to quantity but also to the quality of agricultural products. Reasonable chemical fertilizer application will improve crop quality, improve soil fertility, reduce greenhouse gas and water pollution. Chemical fertilizer is hurtless. The problem of the fertilization comes from unreasonable use. For the issues of fertilizers and fertilization in the future, we should pay more attention to produce high quality and high efficienct chemical fertilizers, try to extend scientific fertilization techniques and increase fertilization efficiency.