庄河口湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤线虫群落特征

分别于2013年5月、8月和11月对庄河口湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤线虫群落分布进行调查，收集芦苇群落、狗尾草群落、圆柏群落、针叶松群落、柳树群落以及裸地土壤样本，采用淘洗-过筛-浅盘法提取土壤线虫，并应用线虫多样性指数和功能类群指数研究该区域土壤线虫群落的特征与差异。研究期间鉴定出44个属，共5895条土壤线虫。研究显示，线虫的生态指数与土壤理化指标呈显著相关，其中土壤pH值和盐度的影响最为显著，整体上呈显著负相关。不同土地利用方式下土壤线虫的群落结构均有所差异，圆柏群落样地pH值最小，且土壤线虫群落最丰富。圆柏、针叶松和柳树为人工种植的植被群落，具有相对稳定pH值，相较于其他3个群落盐度较低，所以线虫群落更加丰富。四大营养类群中捕食/杂食类群的比例高达50.6%，食真菌类群比例只有8.1%。有研究表明酸性土壤有利于食真菌线虫生长，而整个研究区域的 pH 在6.08~7.11之间，并不利于食真菌线虫生长。随着季节的变化，土壤线虫在夏季最多春季最少，分别约占总数的44.9%和23.0%。结果表明，不同季节和不同的土地利用方式对庄河口湿地土壤线虫群落有显著影响，其中不同植被所形成微环境中的pH值和盐度是影响线虫群落分布最主要的因素，为促进土壤生态系统健康发展提供科学依据。

The Characteristic of Soil nematodes Communities under Different Vegetation Types in Zhuanghe Estuary Wetland

This study investigated soil nematodes communities under different vegetation types in Zhuanghe estuary wetland in May, August and November 2013 respectively. Soil samples were collected in Phragmites community,Setaria viridis community,Sabina chinensis community, coniferous pine community,Salix babylonica community and bare soil. Using elutriate-sieving-shallow pan method soil nematodes were extracted. The characteristics and differences of soil nematodes communities were researched by applying diversity and ecological indices of nematodes. A total of 5895 nematodes from 44 genera were found in this study. Results showed correlation coefficients between community indices of nematodes and soil component were significant. The effect of soil pH and salinity affected most significantly, which showed a significant negative correlation. Soil nematodes Communities Structure in different vegetation types were different. The richest one wasSabina chinensis community, in which has minimum soil pH.Sabina chinensis community, coniferous pine community andSalix babylonica community had abundant nematodes communities, because they were cultivated community with a more stable pH and lower salinity compared to the other three communities. In four trophic groups, the proportion of predatory/omnivorous was the highest （50.6%） and bacterivores was the lowest （8.1%）. Study showed that acid soil was Conducive to the growth of bacterivores rather than the pH of area between 6.08~7.11. The number of soil nematode changed along with seasons, summer （44.9%）〉autumn （32.1%）〉spring （23.0%）. Results indicated that different seasons and different vegetation types have a significant impacted on soil nematode communities in Zhuanghe estuary wetland. Soil pH and salinity were the most important factors, which provided a scientific basis for the healthy development of the soil ecological system.