我国农业与农村可持续发展的制度创新

我国农业与农村可持续发展的核心问题是农民收入问题。只有切实提高农民的收入水平。才能有效地增加农民购买力，从而增加农业生产资料的投入。进而保证粮食增产。我国农业与农村可持续发展存在的两个矛盾是小农经济与市场经济社会化的矛盾以及小农经济与科技化之间的矛盾。面临的两个分离是家庭经济与集体经济的分离以及传统供销合作社与农民利益的分离。增加农民收入的规模经济论与乡镇企业论的确有成功的典范．但是。对我国更多的农村地区来讲．不具有普遍意义。我国农业和农村可持续发展的关键有两个．一是符合区域特色的区域农业专业化．二是通过专业合作社的制度创新．将分散的家庭组织起来．以解决家庭小生产与大市场之间的巨大矛盾。

Institutional Innovation for Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas in China

This paper believes that the core problem in the rural and agricultural sustainable development of China is the low income of peasants.Only when peasants' income is really increased,can their purchase power be enhanced,and then the input in agriculture be increased,and finally food production increase be guaranteed.There are two main contradictions in rural and agricultural sustainable development,the contradiction between smallholder economy and socialization of market economy,and the contradiction between smallholder economy and science and technology.Also the rural and agricultural sustainable development faces two departing trends:one is the family economy departing from the collective economy,and the other is the traditional supply and marketing cooperation association departing from the(benefit) of peasants.The ways to increase peasants'income,scale economy and town enterprise development are surely ways of successing in practice,but are of no common significance for the rural areas in China.There are two key measures for the sustainable development of the agriculture and rural areas in China.One is the agricultural specialization with regional characteristics.The other is institutional innovation to coordinate small family production with large market by organizing dispersive families through specialized cooperation associations.