用改进法测定水中的石油类

通过对现行国标《水质石油类和动植物油的测定红外光度法》（GB16488-1996）方法中的萃取、吸附预处理过程进行改进,通过对比实验得出萃取过程采用一次萃取,前处理吸附过程采用分液漏斗代替玻璃层析柱制备硅酸镁层析柱,并辅助真空泵加速,处理效果对测定结果无影响,采取改进方法可大大节约分析时间;四氯化碳（CCl4）毒性较大,大量使用对实验室人员和环境影响较大,实验证明用氯化四氟乙烯（S-316）替代四氯化碳（CCl4）作为萃取剂,实验室前期处理过程以及实际萃取效果与用四氯化碳作为萃取剂无差别,测定结果符合国家标准的要求,氯化四氟乙烯（S-316）的应用可以减少对臭氧层的破坏,可以作为该方法较理性的萃取剂。

Measurement of Petroleum Existed in Water by Improved Methods

Through the improvement of extraction and absorption in the current national standard ＂water quality determination of petroleum oil,animal and vegetable oils-infrared photometric method＂（GB16488-1996）,and based on the comparative experiment,we can see that the method of single stage extraction and the application of separating funnel instead of glass chromatographic column in the preparation of magnesium silicate chromatographic column,supported by vacuum pump acceleration,has no effect on measurement result,in addition,the improvement method can significantly save the analysis time;As CCl4 has very strong toxicity,the big quantity use of CCl4 will be harmful to experiment personnel and the environment as well.Taking S-316 instead of CCl4 can reduce the damage to ozone layer and the measurement results conform to the national standard and there is no big difference on pretreating process and extraction effect in using S-316,therefore S-316 can be regarded as a rational extractant.