基于CHNS的中国城乡居民的食品消费特征——兼与国家统计局数据对比

基于2011年我国12个省（直辖市）的中国健康与营养调查数据（China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS）,文章利用食物成分表重新估算我国城乡居民主要食品的消费量及在外消费特征,并与国家统计局公布的官方数据进行对比。结果显示：1）口粮方面,2011年我国居民平均消费口粮量为119.93 kg,外出消费比例为9.91%。2）肉蛋奶类方面,2011年我国人均肉类消费量（猪牛羊禽）为32.84 kg,其中,猪肉消费量占69.85%,禽肉消费量占20.98%,牛羊肉消费量偏低,为9.20%。我国居民平均还消费蛋类10.90 kg、奶类13.56 kg。3）我国城镇居民口粮消费明显低于农村居民,肉蛋奶消费量明显高于农村居民,但农村居民肉蛋奶在外消费的比例要高于城镇居民。4）国家统计局公布的肉蛋奶数据整体上偏低,农村消费数据的偏低程度尤为严重,重点体现在鲜蛋、水产品与鲜奶产品上。国家统计局公布的食品消费数据多与CHNS数据的家庭内部消费数据相吻合,其数据偏小的原因可能是由于缺失户外消费数据的统计。从消费数量上来看,预计今后我国居民口粮消费量的下降空间已经非常有限,但肉蛋奶消费水平仍有较大的抬升空间,农业的生产压力与畜牧饲料大量进口的局面将持续存在。

Food Consumption Patterns of Chinese Urban and Rural Residents Based on CHNS and Comparison with the Data of National Bureau of Statistics

A China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was designed in 1989 to examine the nutritional status of the populations. This paper used the CHNS data acquired in 2011 to investigate the consumption status of Chinese urban and rural residents, which covered nine provinces and three municipalities. Out-of-home food consumption was also analyzed in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The average yearly ration consumption in 2011 was 119.93 kg per capita, and the out-of-home consumption took 9.91%. 2) Total meat consumption per capita reached 32.804 kg in 2011, including pork, beef, mutton, and poultry, in which pork took 69.85%, poultry took 20.98%, and beef and mutton together took only 9.20%. Egg and milk consumption per capita in 2011 were 10.90 kg and 13.56 kg, respectively. 3) The yearly ration consumption of Chinese urban residents was obviously lower than that of rural residents, but the yearly meat consumption of urban residents was obviously higher than that of rural residents. It is notable that the out-of-home meat consumption of rural residents was higher than that of urban residents. 4) The consumptions of meat, egg and milk released by the National Bureau of Statistics were lower than the data of CHNS, especially the egg, poultry and milk consumptions of rural residents. The food consumptions released by the National Bureau of Statistics were coincident with the at-home food consumptions of CHNS. However, the data of the National Bureau of Statistics missed the amount of out-of-home food consumption. According to the experience in developed countries, it is hard to reduce the amount of food rations, and it is expected that the consumptions of meat and dairy products will continue to rise in a long time. So, agricultural production pressure and the large amounts of animal feed import will continue to exist.