基塘系统：研究回顾与展望

基塘系统是一种具有独特创造性的低洼土地利用方式和生态循环农业模式,在中国小农经济时期发挥了重要作用。20世纪50年代以来基塘系统逐渐受到学界重视,并曾引起国内外的广泛关注。当前系统梳理和总结基塘系统研究进展,对我国相关重要农业文化遗产的保护与现代高效生态农业发展具有重要支撑意义。论文基于基塘系统主要公开文献,从基塘系统的概念内涵、起源演变、结构功能、推广应用、动态保护等方面介绍国内外研究进展。资料分析显示：相对太湖流域基塘系统,针对珠江三角洲基塘系统的研究更为丰富;有关太湖流域桑基鱼塘起源的论证还存在分歧;基塘系统的经济功能衰退,其生态服务功能和遗产文化价值研究急需加强;传统基塘农业保护与创新发展还需加强技术、管理、政策等方面研究的支持。未来值得重视的研究方向有：1）加强对基塘系统生态服务功能研究,更全面客观地评估基塘系统的综合效益;2）基于农业文化遗产视角,开展基塘系统的动态保护与适应性管理研究;3）多学科深入研究基塘系统的作用机理,更好地总结与比较太湖流域与珠江三角洲基塘系统结构功能的异同;4）深入论证基塘系统的起源与演变过程,明确它在中国和全球农业史中的重要地位。

Review and Prospect of Studies on the Dyke-Pond System

The Dyke-Pond System is a very creative way to make full use of lowland and an ecological circulating agriculture model, which had played an important role in the small-scale peasant economy in China. Since 1950s, Dyke-Pond System has gradually become the focus in research and attracted more attention at home and abroad. Combing and summarizing those research achievements can offer powerful support for protecting the relevant important agricultural heritage and developing modern ecological agriculture in China. This paper systematically reviews the literatures of Dyke-Pond System and introduces the researches on its concept and connotation, origin and development, structure and function, and application and dynamic protection. The analysis shows that there are more plentiful studies in Pearl River Delta than the studies in Taihu Lake Basin on the Dyke-Pond System. There exist disputes about the origin of Mulberry-Dyke & Fish-Pond in Taihu Lake Basin. The economic importance of Dyke-Pond System has degraded. Strengthening the research on its ecological service functions and heritage values is urgently needed. In order to conduct the dynamic protection and creative development of Dyke-Pond System, related researches on technique, management and policy are needed. This paper also proposes some suggestions for future studies. Firstly, it’s in need of more studies on ecological service functions of Dyke-Pond System and more systematically evaluation of the efficiency of Dyke-Pond System. Secondly, the studies on the dynamic protection and management of traditional Dyke-Pond System should be conducted from the perspective of agricultural heritage. Thirdly, it is also necessary to study in depth on the ecological mechanisms of Dyke-Pond System across multi-disciplines and compare the differences and similarities between the structures and functions of Dyke-Pond Systems in the Taihu Lake Basin and the Pearl River Delta. Finally, the research on the origin and evolution of Dyke-Pond System should also be further investigated in order to reinforce its significant role in the agriculture history both in China and in the world.