基于入户跟踪调研的山东省农村居民家庭食物消费结构与特征研究

食物消费是居民消费的最基本内容。论文基于分层抽样,通过近1个月实地入户3 d跟踪调研称重获得粮食主产区山东省207户农村家庭食物消费的一手数据,定量分析现阶段我国典型区域农村家庭的食物消费结构与特征,并比较不同地区、不同收入水平及不同家庭规模下居民食物消费的特征。结果表明：1）蔬菜在山东农村居民家庭食物消费中占据最高比重（41.0%）,粮食消费中以面粉及制品为主（59.0%）,肉类消费以猪肉为主（71.9%）。2）三个案例地中,济南地区较德州和潍坊地区在酒水、食用油和调味品等非粮食食物上的消费量较高,而对粮食的消费量较低;收入水平较高的家庭,在蔬菜、面粉等粮食、调味品和食用油上的消费比经济水平低的家庭要少,而在肉类、水果、水产类和奶类上较多;人口规模较小的家庭比规模较大的家庭的人均食物消费量大。3）通过与中国营养学会推荐的中国居民平衡膳食宝塔建议的食物摄入量数据比较发现,山东农村地区居民油和盐的消费量略高,对奶及奶制品、水产品、蛋类和水果的消费明显不足。新时代乡村振兴背景下,改善农村地区居民食物消费结构,提高营养水平是改善农村地区生活水平最基本而迫切的工作。本研究为进一步提高我国居民食物消费需求基础数据的准确获取提供了参考,并为相关政策的制定提供科学依据。

Structure and Characteristics of Food Consumption of Rural Households in Shandong Province Based on Household Tracking Survey

Food consumption is the basic content of household consumption. The study obtained the first-hand data of 207 rural households food consumption in Shandong Province which is one of the main grain producing areas in China by field research for three days tracking weighing based on stratified sampling nearly one month. The structure and characteristics of food consumption of rural households in typical areas of China at this stage are quantitatively analyzed and the characteristics of residents’ food consumption in different regions, income levels and family sizes are compared. The result indicated that: 1) Vegetables occupy the highest proportion (41.0%) in the food consumption of rural households in Shandong, while the main consumption of grain is flour and its products (59.0%) and the main consumption of meat is pork (71.9%). 2) In three cases, compared with Dezhou city and Weifang city, the consumption of non-grain food like drinks, cooking oil and condiments in Jinan city is higher while the consumption of grain is relatively lower; families with higher incomes consume less vegetables, flour and other grain, condiments and cooking oil and consume more meat, fruits, aquatic products and milk. Households with smaller populations consume more food per capita than larger households. 3) Comparing the proposed food intake data with the balanced pagoda recommended to Chinese residents by the Chinese Nutrition Society, we found that cooking oil and salt consumed by residents in rural areas in Shandong was slightly higher and consumption of milk and dairy products, aquatic products, eggs and fruits were obviously inadequate. Under the new era of rural revitalization background, improving the food consumption structure of rural residents and their nutrition level are the most basic and urgent tasks for improving living standards in rural areas. This study provides a reference for further improving the accurate acquisition of the basic data of Chinese residents’ food consumption needs and provides a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies.