贵州中部峰丛洼地区乡村聚落演化多元路径研究——以普定后寨河聚落为例

在微观尺度研究乡村聚落的空间演化,有助于深入理解聚落演化的多样性。论文选择位于贵州高原面上的典型喀斯特乡村聚落,以长时间序列的高分辨率遥感影像为主要数据源,结合实地农户调查,在聚落斑块尺度上探讨聚落的多元空间演化模式。结果发现,研究区聚落总体呈“外密中疏”的空间特征,且这一空间格局从1963年到2015年不断强化。聚落演化类型可划分为逐渐废弃空心化型、旧衰建新型、自然衰落型、内部改造型、基本不变型和扩展型;从1963年到2015年,研究区聚落景观经历了以新旧混杂型为主、以老旧型为主、以新旧混杂型和新房屋为主这样一个演化过程;研究区聚落多元演变的空间路径可归纳为低地指向、交通指向、经济和中心地指向,研究区聚落的优化应基于聚落的多元演变模式进行调控。

The Multiple Paths of the Rural Settlement Evolution in the Peak-cluster-depression Area of Central Guizhou Province-A Case Study in Houzhaihe,Puding County

The study of the spatial evolution of rural settlements at micro-scale contributes to the deep understand of the diversity of settlement evolution. The paper discusses the multivariate space evolution model of the typical karst rural settlements in the Guizhou Plateau at patch scale and aims to reveal the diversity of rural settlements in karst mountainous areas, which is important to promote the reconstruction model in suitable production, living and ecological space in karst mountainous villages. The high resolution remote sensing images with long time series from 1963 to 2015 and the field surveys of local households are the main data sources. In order to reflect the spatial distribution pattern of the settlements in the study area, the average neighborhood index, the patch density per unit area and the percentage of the settlement area are defined, and the types of settlement evolution are divided based on the space composition of new and old settlement houses. The results show that the overall settlements in the study area can be characterized as “dense in the peripheral area and sparse in the middle”, and this kind of spatial pattern had been continuously strengthened from 1963 to 2015. The types of settlement evolution can be divide into “hollowing out and abandoned type”, “Old declined and new built-up type”, “natural fading type”, “internal reconstruction type”, “basically unchanged type” and “comprehensive evolution type”. In 1963, the settlements mixed with old and new buildings in the study area accounted for 71.83% of the area, and the settlements dominated with old buildings accounted for 28.17% of the area. In 2015, the settlements mixed with old and new buildings, the settlements dominated with old buildings and the settlements dominated with new buildings accounted for 45.14%, 28.07% and 26.79% of the total area, respectively. The settlement landscape in the study area experienced the evolution process of mixture of old and new buildings, old buildings dominated and new buildings dominated from 1963 to 2015. The multiple paths of the settlement evolution in the study area can be summarized as three types: lowland oriented, traffic oriented and economy and central area oriented. Based on the above results, this paper argues that the remediation of the settlement and the spatial optimization and control in the study area should be based on the multiple evolution models.