深圳市综合水质指数研究及其在水资源资产评估上的应用

自然资源资产评估技术是开展自然资源资产负债表实践和实行环境责任离任审计的重要技术支撑。水资源作为一项重要自然资源,如何有效评估水资源资产是不可回避的问题。论文以深圳市为研究区域,一是采用综合污染指数法和主成分分析法,以总氮、氨氮、总磷、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、固体悬浮物为指标参数构建了深圳市综合水质指数以评价水资源综合水质。二是以该综合水质评估模型为基础,通过采用治污成本法分析综合水质与治污成本间的关系,从而构建深圳市景观水和饮用水资源的价值量评估模型。论文还以深圳市大鹏新区为试点开展了水资源价值量评估,评估结果显示,2015年大鹏新区景观水和饮用水资源的价值量分别为3.60亿、0.35亿元。

Study on Integrated Water Quality Index and Its Application in Water Resources Assets Assessment in Shenzhen

Exploring the connotations of natural resources balance sheets is one of the major decisions the central government made on the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee to evaluate environmental performance of government leaders. Natural resources assets assessment techniques serve as a fundamental support for the application of natural resources balance sheets and the establishment of ecological damage liability scheme. Shenzhen, a burgeoning city located within the Pearl River Delta, is confronted with essential water problems ranging from water pollution to water shortage. Evaluating the monetary value of water resources with qualitative and quantitative methods could provide a unified approach to examine and compare water resources status at various spatial and temporal scales. Monthly sewage treatment data of Shuitou, Kuichong and Henggang water plants in Shenzhen in 2013 and 2014 have been collected. By analyzing the inlet and outlet water quality in each water plant with comprehensive pollution indice and principal component analysis method, the comprehensive water quality index which can be used to assess local water quality in Shenzhen is defined with parameters of key pollutants including TN, NH₃-N, TP, COD, BOD₅ and SS and is used to assess the value of local water resources in Shenzhen. Moreover, replacement cost is calculated. The link between comprehensive water quality and replacement costs is studied to construct the valuation model which can assess the value of Shenzhen landscape water and drinking water. The result indicates that it costs 0.6 yuan/t and 0.1 yuan/t to improve one unit of comprehensive water quality of landscape water resource and that of drinking water resource, respectively. Besides, it costs 1.05 yuan/t to store drinking water annually. Dapeng Peninsula, lying in east cost of Shenzhen, is selected to carry out the case study. The comprehensive water quality of all six main rivers and five major water reservoirs that supply water in Dapeng Peninsula is assessed. Accumulated surface runoff of the catchment areas and water retention capacity in 2015 are used to calculate the quantity of landscape water resource and drinking water resource. The results show that, in 2015, the value of landscape water resource and drinking water resource in Dapeng Peninsula is 3.60×10⁸ yuan and 0.35×10⁸ yuan, respectively.