中国沿海不同区位经济园区空间扩张特征研究

我国沿海地区是土地资源供需矛盾最突出的区域,经济园区超前、超大规划空间规模,加剧了城市的土地矛盾,为解决沿海经济园区合理规划空间扩张的问题,论文以16个沿海经济园区为样本,根据其与城市的区位关系划分为远离城市型、城市边缘型、城市内部型三类园区,分别就三类园区扩张的空间特征及其经济特征进行研究。结果表明：就目前我国经济发展环境及土地政策下,园区发展25 a,最大扩张规模不超过60 km²,园区扩张节奏与经济发展阶段有关,园区建设初期以及“二次创业”阶段是园区扩张的高峰期;不同区位的园区扩张方向与形态存在差异,远离城市型园区扩张形态为多方向扩张与沿交通线路扩张相结合,城市边缘型园区可由宽幅扇形扩张到半圆形,城市内部型园区为内生式与窄小扇形外延式扩张相结合。远离城市的经济园区,空间扩张所需的投资更高,但其为经济发展保证了更大的发展空间,经济产出也相对较高。因此沿海各地规划建设园区时,应结合当地资本实力、园区布局区位、园区所处发展阶段等,合理规划园区扩张规模与扩张节奏。

Study on the Spatial Expansion Characteristics of Development Zones in Different Coastal Areas of China

China’s coastal areas are the regions with the most prominent contradiction between supply and demand of land resources, where the oversize planning and expansion of economic zones have exacerbated the urban land issues. In this paper, economic zones were divided into three types according to the location relations between sixteen coastal economic zones and cities, which are away from city, at the edge of a city and inside a city. The spatial characteristics of the expansion of these three types of economic zones and the economic characteristics of the economic zones were studied. The research indicated that the expansion of the economic zones was related to the stage of economic growth and the peaks appeared at the early stage and the “second-time undertaking” stage. After 25 years of development, the largest expansion of the economic zone was less than 60 km² in the current environment of economic development and land policy. In addition, the directions and forms of the expansion of different types are different. The economic zones away from cities expanded in multiple directions and along the traffic lines. The economic zones inside a city expanded inward or expanded outward in a narrow fan-shaped area, while the economic zones at the edge of a city could expand in areas from a wide fan-shaped to a semicircle. The expansion of the zones far away from city needs more investment, however, there are more room for economic development and higher economic output. Therefore, the scale and speed of expansion of the economic zones need to be planned properly in light of the local capital strength, the location and stage of the development of the zones.