高速铁路建设临时用地土地破坏特征与复垦利用决策研究——以京沪高速铁路常州段为例

高速铁路在正线、站场等永久用地建设同时,也占用一定数量的临时用地。受特定服务半径和施工条件限制,临时用地占用耕地难以避免,而因重载荷、强硬质的使用特征,部分临时用地类型农用复垦技术难度大、经济代价高。研究在总结高速铁路临时用地类型与土地破坏特征的基础上,建立了临时用地复垦利用分析框架,并进行实证分析。研究结果表明,受土源、弃渣场地等因素限制,制梁场等临时用地复垦为耕地困难较大且投资过高,而建设用地方向复垦则较为适宜。考虑到与土地管理政策相衔接,研究提出应将临时用地选址及其复垦适宜性评价纳入项目永久用地报批程序,并加强临时用地的选址控制、规划审批控制、工程破坏控制和复垦利用控制。

Land Destruction Features and Reclamation Decision for Temporary Construction Land in High-speed Railway: A Case Study in Changzhou Section of Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway

High-speed railway plays an important role in reducing the distance between metropolises and boosting regional economy, but it occupies and destroys a certain amount of land resources inevitably as well. How to control and reduce the negative effects brought by high-speed railway constructions has become a key problem that both the administrative management and project construction department must confront and resolve. According to the features of temporary land, the linear construction characteristics and specific restrictions of service radius determine the unavoidability of occupying cultivated land; engineering characteristics of heavy load and strong quality result in the seriousness of temporary land damage. However, the problems we must face up to now are the shortage of land resources, the hindrance from protecting the cultivated land and the contradiction between supply and demand, which impose our imperative regulatory managements on high-speed railway. Moreover, we should take control of land damage from the fountainhead, reduce occupied area of arable land and lastly carry the protection into practice qualitatively and quantitatively through temporary site selecting and programming. Increasingly advanced science and technology level provides basic possibility for reclamation of the temporary land. Although reclamation is difficult from the technique, there is no technical bottleneck in temporary land reclamation itself. However, the land reclamation effort is not ideal. The economic cost is relatively high from the aspect of the investment estimation for the temporary land reclamation, especially in the field of beam, plate, mixing station and solid foundation and high rigid of temporary facilities. From the perspective of land management policy requirements, recent policy documents should make breakthroughs in compulsory requirement of the land temporarily occupied land reclamation, but it makes only direction guidance, short of clear operation rules and bring some obstacles for the actual practice. Based on summarizing temporary construction land types and features of the land destruction, this study establishes an analytical framework for the use of temporary land reclamation, and takes the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway in Changzhou as an example of the empirical analysis. The results show that affected by soil source, spoil site and other limitations, reclaiming beam field, slab factory and mixing station to cultivated land is quite difficult and the investment is too high. To benefit from a sound regional development planning, good location and infrastructure conditions, the above-mentioned temporary lands development to construction use land is more appropriate. Taking into account the convergence of land management policies, temporary land location analysis and reclamation suitability assessment should be included in the project permanent land use approval review process. Temporary land siting control, planning permission control, engineering damage control and reclamation decision control should be strengthened as well.