农村合作经济组织发展的制度分析

农村合作经济组织是将农民组织起来进入市场、参与竞争的桥梁和纽带,是新时期推动农村经济发展和提高农民收入的重要因素之一。在制度层面运用新制度经济学理论从实现土地规模经营、节约市场交易费用和维护农民利益等三方面分析了合作组织发育的需求诱致性动因;接着从制度环境状况、现有社会科学知识的积累、现存的制度安排、组织的制度变迁成本、非正式制度安排等外部制度供给方面以及产权和组织制度等组织内部制度方面分析了其存在的缺陷;最后提出了推动合作组织发展的政策建议：其一,只要是以“三农”服务为宗旨,政府在政策上都应允许和指导合作组织灵活地创新产权制度、因地制宜地进行多种形式的组织创新;其二,政府要力所能及地为合作组织提供一些制度服务。

INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION

The rural cooperative economic organization bridges the farmers and the market and the competition. It is one of the factors that promote rural economic development and increase farmers' income. This article analyzes the market-demand induced impetus of the development of rural cooperative organization from three aspects, which are the scale management of land, saving of the market transaction fare and the protection of farmers' interest, using the new institutional economics. And then it analyses the defects in external institution supply from the following aspects: the institutional environment and situation, the present accumulation of scientific knowledge, the present institutional arrangement, the transferring cost of organizational institution and the informal institutional arrangement, as well as in the internal institution from the property rights and organizational institution. At last, the article puts forward policy advice to promote the development of cooperative economic organization, including two pieces of advice. One is that the government, aiming at serving for "rural areas, agriculture and farmers", should allow and guide the cooperative organization to innovate the property rights institution and carry out various kinds of organizational innovation. The other is that the government should provide institutional service for the cooperative organization as much as possible.