农业非点源污染对太湖水质的影响:发展态势与研究重点

太湖水污染的主要症结是水体中氮、磷不断富集导致的富营养化，而随着区内化肥用量的不断增加和集约化畜禽殖业的发展，流域内农业非点源营养物质的排放将保持持续上升的势头。要实现使太湖水变清的目的，必须把农业非点源营养物的排放控制在最低的水平，为了达到这一目标，今后应加强：（1）农业养分流失的定量化研究；（2）非点源污染物的转移转化特征研究；（3）农业非点源污染高风险区的识别；（4）农业非点源污染的控制与管理对策研究。

CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION TO WATER QUALITY DETERIORATION IN TAI LAKE WATERSHED:RECENT TRENDS AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES

The accelerated eutrophication of Tai Lake resulted from high nutrient concentration is of a great environmental concern in the region. Unfortunately the nutrient loads of agricultural nonpoint sources will continue to increase due to the high application rates of chemical fertilizers and more concentrated livestock production in the region.The control and rehabilitation of deteriorated water quality of Tai Lake therefore requires minimizing the loss of nutrients from agricultural lands. To meet this target the authors put forward some research priorities aimed at mitigating agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the Tai Lake watershed: (1) Quantifying nutrient losses from agricultural land, (2) Characterizing the transformation and translocation of non-point pollutants, (3) Identifying sensitive areas of agricultural non-point source pollution, and (4) Developing management options to minimize agricultural non-point source pollution.