海洋污染应急费用的法制保障

船舶漏油事故等导致海洋环境污染的案例推动了船舶污染海洋环境应急管理和立法的发展。2011年交通运输部颁布的《船舶污染海洋环境应急防备和应急处置管理规定》及最高人民法院发布的《关于船舶油污损害赔偿纠纷案件若干问题的规定》等确立了以下机制:行政主体依民事侵权程序向责任人请求返还应急费用;应急产业经营者依强制缔约合同请求支付应急处置费用;以责任社会化的方式保障应急费用的资金来源。为应对海洋石油开发等其他类型的海洋环境污染事故,我国应借鉴船舶污染海洋应急管理中的强制清污协议制度、强制保险制度、油污基金制度等,建立环境损害赔偿制度。

Legal Analysis on Emergency Expenses for Response against Marine Pollution Incidences

There has been many cases about marine pollution caused by oilspill from vessels, which urge the improvement of marine environmental management and legality in the area of pollution caused by vessels. The ministry of Transportation Promulgated Administrative Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Emergency Precaution and Emergency Disposal against Sea Pollutions by Vessels in 2011, and the supreme court enacted Judicial Interpretation on Cases about Navigational Oil Pollution Compensation in 2011. These legal documents established some institutions： Authorities can ask for emergency expenses through infringement and compensation procedure. Emergency service providers can request for payment of the contracts. The socialization of liability can guarantee the financial sources for emergency expenses. To solve the problems about other types of marine environmental pollution incidences, environmental compensation institution should be set up, experiences can be learned from the area of marine environmental management against pollution by vessels.