排污总量控制的最优化原则探讨

从环境经济学的最优化原则出发，对上海市推行的排污总量控制，超量排污罚款和对允许排放量限度内的排污征收生态环境补偿费进行了论述。根据最优化原则，污染物排放总量应该设置在最佳污染物排放量点，并且不同的河段应该设置相应的允许排放量；单位超量排污罚款价格不可过低，并且应该随着超量排污的增长而增加，以一个合适的费率征收生态环境补偿费会促使企业不断改进它的污染物治理技术，从而减少对水体的污染。因此，这三才是将

Approach on Optimal Principle of Pollutant Total Amount Discharge Control

In view of the optimal principle for environmental economics, to discuss the total amount discharge control exceeding discharge fees, and levying user charges within discharge permit, which will be carried out in Shanghai. According to the optimal principle, the total amount discharge should be set at the optimal pollution point, different river course with different discharge permit; unit exceeding discharge fees must not be too low, it ought to rise as exceeding discharge increases. An appropriate tax of compensated charges for environmental damage will encourage the enterprises to keep improving their pollution management technology, thus reduce contaminating water body. Therefore, the three mentioned above are the most essential regulations and economic tools that can internalize of external uneconomicalness.