基于景观空间格局指数法的长江口水域生态环境变化分析

以长江口重大工程区、重要生态敏感区及其邻近水域为研究区域,采用景观生态学中景观空间格局指数方法,分析2001年8月和2006年8月两次取样调查期间长江口生态环境变化。研究结果表明:5 a间以重大工程为主的人类活动对长江口水域生态环境影响显著。无机氮、活性磷酸盐污染严重,其斑块对干扰敏感度高,受干扰的强度最大,斑块多样性指数下降;由于海域重大工程建设增加了水体中悬浮物含量,使得悬浮物斑块优势度升高;在轻度或中度干扰下,盐度、COD、悬浮物、叶绿素a斑块的破碎化程度升高;2006年长江口浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖生物的多样性指数值、破碎化程度均处于较高水平。

Analysis of ecological environment of water column in the Changjiang Estuary with landscape spatial pattern index

In this paper,the major project areas,the important ecological sensitive areas and their adjacent waters in the Changjiang Estuary were selected as study regions,and then landscape spatial pattern index method was chosen to analyze the eco-environment change in water column in Aug.2001 and Aug.2006.The results showed that the water column ecological environment impact was significant during the 5 years attributing to human activities,especially the large-scale estuarine engineering construction.The inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate pollution were serious,their patches have high sensitivity to the disturbance and the patch diversity indices were decreased,and the suspended solids content in sea water was increased,as so as the dominance of suspended solids patch.The patches fragmentation indices of salinity,COD,suspended solids,and chlorophylla were increased under the mild or moderate disturbance.Biodiversity indices and fragmentation values of phytoplankton,zooplankton,benthic were at a high level in 2006.